Comparative toxicity of size-fractionated airborne particulate matter obtained from different cities in the United States

Autor:	Rachelle M. Duvall, Terry Gordon, Elizabeth Boykin, Robert B. Devlin, Lisa A. Dailey, Seung-Hyun Cho, Donald L. Doerfler, M. Ian Gilmour, John K. McGee, Mary J. Daniels
Rok vydání:	2007
Předmět:	Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis Air pollution Toxicology medicine.disease_cause Salt lake chemistry.chemical_compound Mice Animal science medicine Animals Sulfate Cities Particle Size Air Pollutants Mice Inbred BALB C medicine.diagnostic_test Chemistry Size fractionated Particulates United States Bronchoalveolar lavage Toxicity Female Particulate Matter Particle size Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Biomarkers Environmental Monitoring
Zdroj:	Inhalation toxicology. 19
ISSN:	1091-7691
Popis:	Hundreds of epidemiological studies have shown that exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) is associated with dose-dependent increases in morbidity and mortality. While early reports focused on PM less than 10 microm (PM10), numerous studies have since shown that the effects can occur with PM stratified into ultrafine (UF), fine (FI), and coarse (CO) size modes despite the fact that these materials differ significantly in both evolution and chemistry. Furthermore the chemical makeup of these different size fractions can vary tremendously depending on location, meteorology, and source profile. For this reason, high-volume three-stage particle impactors with the capacity to collect UF, FI, and CO particles were deployed to four different locations in the United States (Seattle, WA; Salt Lake City, UT; Sterling Forest and South Bronx, NY), and weekly samples were collected for 1 mo in each place. The particles were extracted, assayed for a standardized battery of chemical components, and instilled into mouse lungs (female BALB/c) at doses of 25 and 100 microg. Eighteen hours later animals were euthanized and parameters of injury and inflammation were monitored in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and plasma. Of the four locations, the South Bronx coarse fraction was the most potent sample in both pulmonary and systemic biomarkers, with a strong increase in lung inflammatory cells as well as elevated levels of creatine kinase in the plasma. These effects did not correlate with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or total zinc or sulfate content, but were associated with total iron. Receptor source modeling on the PM2.5 samples showed that the South Bronx sample was heavily influenced by emissions from coal fired power plants (31%) and mobile sources (22%). Further studies will assess how source profiles correlate with the observed effects for all locations and size fractions.
Databáze:	OpenAIRE
Externí odkaz:	https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::432b1c1dd39169ca12735ea75043e27e https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18302053 Zobrazit plný text záznamu Plný text ve formátu PDF Plný text ve formátu HTML
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