Koja je cijena pušenja? – Opasnosti za okoliš

Autor: Čurić, Ana, Muzica, Katarina, Runjak, Ivana, Vasiljević, Daniela, Miloloža, Martina, Kučić Grgić, Dajana
Rok vydání: 2023
Předmět:
Zdroj: Kemija u industriji : Časopis kemičara i kemijskih inženjera Hrvatske
Volume 72
Issue 3-4
ISSN: 1334-9090
0022-9830
DOI: 10.15255/kui.2022.041
Popis: Konzumiranje duhanskih proizvoda ne predstavlja samo zdravstveni već i važan ekološki problem. U prosjeku je oko 80 % opušaka odbačeno u okoliš. Najveći problem odbačenih opušaka su kemijski spojevi koji su štetni za ljude i okoliš te filtri koji se sporo razgrađuju u prirodi. Klasične cigarete imaju filtar napravljen od celuloznog acetata, odnosno polimernog materijala, koji nije biorazgradiv. Celulozni filtri su alternativa polimernim filtrima jer su biorazgradivi, te samim time i manje štetni za okoliš i organizme. Električne cigarete su alternativa klasičnim cigaretama zbog jednostavnijeg sastava i zbog pretpostavke da je to zdravija opcija, a ujedno je izbjegnut i problem zaostalih opušaka. Odbačene opuške možemo primijetiti u svakodnevnom životu. Pomoću vjetra i oborina transportiraju se s kopna u vodeni okoliš te još dugi niz godina otpuštaju štetne kemikalije, a s vremenom potonu na dno. Svrha ovog rada bila je razmotriti štetan učinak odbačenih opušaka na okoliš pomoću testova ekotoksičnosti. Istraženi su radovi koji ispituju ekotoksičnost na morskim i slatkovodnim vrstama u vodenom ekosustavu (bentos, plankton, nekton), kao i na kopnenim organizmima (biljke, beskralješnjaci, kralješnjaci). Istraživanja na vodenim organizmima pokazuju osjetljivost na štetne spojeve koji se nalaze u odbačenim opušcima. Također, odbačeni opušci negativno utječu i na kopneni ekosustav, što je ustanovljeno istraživanjima na mikrobiološkim zajednicama u tlu te biljkama, beskralješnjacima i kralješnjacima. Zaključno, potrebno je informirati pušače o štetnosti odbačenih opušaka u okoliš te ih educirati o pravilnom odlaganju opušaka. Štoviše, problem se može dodatno smanjiti provedbom recikliranja opušaka.
Consuming tobacco products does not represent only a health problem, but also an important environmental issue. On average, 80 % of cigarette butts are disposed in the environment. The biggest problem with discarded cigarette butts is the chemical compounds that are not only harmful to humans, but also degrade slowly in nature. Classic cigarettes contain a filter made of cellulose acetate, a form of polymer that is non-biodegradable. Cellulose filters are a biodegradable alternative to polymer filters and therefore less harmful to the environment and living organisms. Similarly, electric cigarettes are an alternative to classic cigarettes because of their simpler chemical composition and the assumption that they are a healthier option. In addition, leave behind no waste such as cigarette butts. Discarded cigarette butts can be detected in everyday life. With the help of wind and precipitation, they are transported from land to the aquatic environment where they leach harmful chemicals for many years, and once soaked in water they sink to the bottom. The purpose of this paper was to consider the harmful effects of discarded cigarette butts on the environment using ecotoxicity tests. Ecotoxicity studies on marine, freshwater, and sedimentary species in the aquatic ecosystem (benthos, plankton, nekton), as well as terrestrial organisms (plants, invertebrates, vertebrates) were investigated. Current literature on aquatic organisms show sensitivity to harmful compounds found in discarded cigarette butts. In addition, research on microbiological communities in soil, plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates demonstrated that discarded cigarette butts negatively affect the terrestrial ecosystem. Overall, this highlights the need to inform smokers about the negative effects of discarded cigarette butts on the environment, and to educate them about the appropriate disposal of cigarette butts. Moreover, the problem can be further reduced by implementing the recycling of cigarette butts.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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