Predictive immunotoxicological test systems: suitability of the popliteal lymph node assay in mice and rats
| Autor: | Helga Gleichmann, Nanne Bloksma, Hans-Christian Schuppe, Ernst Gleichmann, Malgorzata Kubicka-Muranyi |
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| Rok vydání: | 1995 |
| Předmět: |
Chemical compound
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Autoimmunity Mice Inbred Strains Toxicology medicine.disease_cause chemistry.chemical_compound Mice Immunotoxin medicine Hypersensitivity Animals Lymph node Sensitization Autoimmune disease business.industry Immunotoxins Models Immunological medicine.disease Rats Molecular Weight medicine.anatomical_structure chemistry Research Design Toxicity Immunology Lymph Nodes business Drug metabolism |
| Zdroj: | Critical reviews in toxicology. 25(5) |
| ISSN: | 1040-8444 |
| Popis: | This article reviews results obtained with popliteal lymph node assays (PLNAs) in rodents and discusses their ability to detect and analyze immunotoxic effects of drugs and other low molecular weight (LMW) chemicals. In its basic form, the PLNA measures activation of the draining lymph node of the hind paw (i.e., the PLN) after injection of a test chemical into the hind foot pad. The assay appears to be appropriate to recognize sensitizing, that is, allergenic and autoimmunogenic, chemicals, as well as nonsensitizing immunostimulatory chemicals. With modifications, PLNAs can detect immunosuppressive chemicals and distinguish sensitizing from nonsensitizing chemicals. Furthermore, modified PLNAs enable detection of known as well as unknown sensitizing metabolites, and may assist in the identification of the self-molecules that act as carriers for chemical sensitization or as targets of chemical-induced autoimmune disease. Experience with PLNAs shows that they are rapid, reproducible, and objective tests for recognition of sensitizing or otherwise immunomodulating chemicals. Because current protocols of toxicity testing are insensitive in predicting a chemical's potential to result in immunomodulation, PLNAs, when further validated, may provide welcome supplements to routine toxicity screening of chemicals, thus enhancing chemical safety. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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