In Vivo Differentiation of Stem Cell-derived Human Pancreatic Progenitors to Treat Type 1 Diabetes
Autor: | Natesh Parashurama, Matthew A Ferrer, Mitchell H Maloy |
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Rok vydání: | 2020 |
Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Blood Glucose medicine.medical_treatment Bioinformatics Cell therapy 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Medicine Humans Progenitor cell Induced pluripotent stem cell Pancreas Islet cell transplantation Type 1 diabetes business.industry Stem Cells Cell Differentiation medicine.disease Transplantation 030104 developmental biology medicine.anatomical_structure Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis Stem cell business Stem Cell Transplantation |
Zdroj: | Stem cell reviews and reports. 16(6) |
ISSN: | 2629-3277 |
Popis: | Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease that results from the loss of the pancreatic β-cells. The autoimmune destruction of the β-cells causes the loss of insulin production from the islets of the pancreas, resulting in the loss of blood glucose regulation. This loss of regulation, if not treated, can lead to a plethora of long-term complications in patients. Subsequently, T1DM patients rely on the administration of exogenous insulin sources to maintain their blood glucose levels. In this review, we summarize the history of T1DM therapy and current treatment options. Although treatments for T1DM have progressed substantially, none of the available treatment options allow the patient to live autonomously. Therefore, the challenge to develop a therapy that will fully reverse the disease still remains. A promising field of T1DM therapies is cell replacement therapies derived from human pluripotent stem cells. Here, we specifically review studies that employ stem-cell derived pancreatic progenitors transplanted for in vivo differentiation/maturation and discuss, in detail, the complications that arise post transplantation, including heterogeneity, graft immaturity, and host foreign bodyresponse. We also discuss efforts to induce human stem cell-derived mature β-cells in vitro and compare strategies regarding transplantation of pancreatic progenitors versus mature β-cells cells. Finally, we review key approaches that address critical limitations of in vivo progenitor differentiation including vascularization, oxygenation, and transplant location. The field of islet replacement therapy has made tremendous progress in the last two decades. If the strengths and limitations of the field continue to be identified and addressed, future studies will lead to an ideal treatment for T1DM. Graphical abstract. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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