Complexity of gap junctions between horizontal cells of the carp retina
| Autor: | Konrad Schultz, Gabi Ommen, Petra Dirks, S. Hermann, Georg Zoidl, Helena Greb, Reto Weiler, Ulrike Janssen-Bienhold, V. Kretschmer |
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| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Fish Proteins Carps Immunoelectron microscopy Blotting Western Connexin In situ hybridization Retinal Horizontal Cells behavioral disciplines and activities Polymerase Chain Reaction Connexins 03 medical and health sciences Mice 0302 clinical medicine Cell Line Tumor medicine Animals Protein Isoforms Electrical synapse Amino Acid Sequence Carp Microscopy Immunoelectron Zebrafish In Situ Hybridization Retina biology General Neuroscience Gap junction Gap Junctions Anatomy Dendrites biology.organism_classification Immunohistochemistry Axons Cell biology 030104 developmental biology medicine.anatomical_structure embryonic structures sense organs Sequence Alignment 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
| Zdroj: | Neuroscience. 340 |
| ISSN: | 1873-7544 |
| Popis: | In the vertebrate retina, horizontal cells (HCs) reveal homologous coupling by gap junctions (gj), which are thought to consist of different connexins (Cx). However, recent studies in mouse, rabbit and zebrafish retina indicate that individual HCs express more than one connexin. To provide further insights into the composition of gj connecting HCs and to determine whether HCs express multiple connexins, we examined the molecular identity and distribution of gj between HCs of the carp retina. We have cloned four carp connexins designated Cx49.5, Cx55.5, Cx52.6 and Cx53.8 with a close relationship to connexins previously reported in HCs of mouse, rabbit and zebrafish, respectively. Using in situ hybridization, Cx49.5 expression was detected in different subpopulations of retinal neurons including HCs, whereas the Cx52.6 transcript was localized exclusively in HCs. Using specific antibodies, Cx55.5 and Cx53.8 were detected on dendrites of all four HC subtypes and axon terminals. Immunoelectron microscopy confirmed the presence of Cx55.5 and Cx53.8 in gap junctions between these processes and Cx55.5 was additionally observed in HC dendrites invaginating cone pedicles, suggesting its participation in the modulation of photoreceptor output in the carp retina. Furthermore, using single-cell RT-PCR, all four connexins were detected in different subtypes of HCs, suggesting overlapping expression patterns. Thus, the composition of gj mediating homologous coupling between subtypes of carp HCs appears to be more complex than expected. Moreover, BLAST searches of the preliminary carp genome, using novel sequences as query, suggest that most of the analyzed connexin genes are duplicated in carp. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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