Exposure of Honey Bee (Apis mellifera L.) Colonies to Pesticides in Pollen, A Statewide Assessment in Maine
| Autor: | Brian D. Eitzer, Brianne Du Clos, James F. Dill, Francis A. Drummond, Elissa Ballman |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
Insecticides Beekeeping Apiary Blueberry Plants Land cover 010501 environmental sciences Biology medicine.disease_cause Risk Assessment 01 natural sciences Pollen medicine Animals Maine Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Residue (complex analysis) Ecology Pesticide residue Pesticide Residues Environmental Exposure Honey bee Bees Pesticide Fungicides Industrial 010602 entomology Agronomy Insect Science |
| Zdroj: | Environmental Entomology. 47:378-387 |
| ISSN: | 1938-2936 0046-225X |
| Popis: | In 2015, we conducted a statewide assessment of honey bee exposure to pesticides with assistance of volunteer beekeepers. Pollen trapping was conducted at 32 sites in the spring, summer, and early fall. Apiary locations ranged from unmanaged natural landscapes to managed agricultural or urban landscapes. Pollen samples at each site were aggregated over the collection dates and chemical residue analysis was conducted on each pollen sample for 190 pesticides and metabolites using HPLC/MS. Twenty-five different residues were detected for an average of 2.9 detections per site. Detections were dominated by fungicides, but risk, calculated as: ppb residue concentration/LD50, was mostly due to insecticides. Beekeeper perceived land-use in the vicinity of each apiary was associated with significant differences in the number of detections and residue concentrations, agricultural landscapes greater than nonagricultural. However, there was no significant difference in oral or contact risk quotients due to land-use type. The landscape composition surrounding apiaries, derived with GIS, determined pesticide exposure for honey bees when total detections, log pesticide residue concentration, and log contact risk quotients were used as measures. Partial least squares explained 43.9% of the variance in pesticide exposure due to landscape composition. The best predictors describing pesticide exposure were: area (ha) of blueberry, coniferous forest, and urban/developed land cover types. Maine is the most forested state in the United States (as determined by % land area forested, 93%) and a negative exponential decay was observed between land area in conifer forest and the number of pesticide detections per apiary. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|