Bacteriophage Capsid Modification by Genetic and Chemical Methods
| Autor: | Julie M. Goddard, Sam R. Nugen, Caitlin M Carmody |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
viruses
Biomedical Engineering Pharmaceutical Science Bioengineering 02 engineering and technology Computational biology 01 natural sciences Genome Article Bacteriophage Plasmid Bacteriophages Amino Acids Pharmacology Bioconjugation biology 010405 organic chemistry Chemistry Organic Chemistry Chemical modification 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology biology.organism_classification 0104 chemical sciences Capsid Nucleic acid Capsid Proteins Nanocarriers Peptides 0210 nano-technology Biotechnology |
| Zdroj: | Bioconjug Chem |
| ISSN: | 1520-4812 1043-1802 |
| DOI: | 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00018 |
| Popis: | Bacteriophages are viruses whose ubiquity in nature and remarkable specificity to their host bacteria enable an impressive and growing field of tunable biotechnologies in agriculture and public health. Bacteriophage capsids, which house and protect their nucleic acids, have been modified with a range of functionalities (e.g., fluorophores, nanoparticles, antigens, drugs) to suit their final application. Functional groups naturally present on bacteriophage capsids can be used for electrostatic adsorption or bioconjugation, but their impermanence and poor specificity can lead to inconsistencies in coverage and function. To overcome these limitations, researchers have explored both genetic and chemical modifications to enable strong, specific bonds between phage capsids and their target conjugates. Genetic modification methods involve introducing genes for alternative amino acids, peptides, or protein sequences into either the bacteriophage genomes or capsid genes on host plasmids to facilitate recombinant phage generation. Chemical modification methods rely on reacting functional groups present on the capsid with activated conjugates under the appropriate solution pH and salt conditions. This review surveys the current state-of-the-art in both genetic and chemical bacteriophage capsid modification methodologies, identifies major strengths and weaknesses of methods, and discusses areas of research needed to propel bacteriophage technology in development of biosensors, vaccines, therapeutics, and nanocarriers. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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