Racial stereotypes impair flexibility of emotional learning
| Autor: | Cesar A.O. Coelho, Joseph E. Dunsmoor, Jian Li, Elizabeth A. Phelps, Jennifer T. Kubota |
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| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Cognitive Neuroscience Emotions Thalamus Black People Poison control Experimental and Cognitive Psychology Striatum Stimulus (physiology) White People 050105 experimental psychology Midbrain Young Adult 03 medical and health sciences Racism 0302 clinical medicine Conditioning Psychological medicine Humans 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences Anterior cingulate cortex Brain Mapping Asian 05 social sciences Association Learning Brain Original Articles Fear Galvanic Skin Response General Medicine Magnetic Resonance Imaging Associative learning medicine.anatomical_structure Female Safety Psychology Insula Neuroscience 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
| Zdroj: | Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience. 11:1363-1373 |
| ISSN: | 1749-5024 1749-5016 |
| DOI: | 10.1093/scan/nsw053 |
| Popis: | Flexibility of associative learning can be revealed by establishing and then reversing cue-outcome discriminations. Here, we used functional MRI to examine whether neurobehavioral correlates of reversal-learning are impaired in White and Asian volunteers when initial learning involves fear-conditioning to a racial out-group. For one group, the picture of a Black male was initially paired with shock (threat) and a White male was unpaired (safe). For another group, the White male was a threat and the Black male was safe. These associations reversed midway through the task. Both groups initially discriminated threat from safety, as expressed through skin conductance responses (SCR) and activity in the insula, thalamus, midbrain and striatum. After reversal, the group initially conditioned to a Black male exhibited impaired reversal of SCRs to the new threat stimulus (White male), and impaired reversals in the striatum, anterior cingulate cortex, midbrain and thalamus. In contrast, the group initially conditioned to a White male showed successful reversal of SCRs and successful reversal in these brain regions toward the new threat. These findings provide new evidence that an aversive experience with a racial out-group member impairs the ability to flexibly and appropriately adjust fear expression towards a new threat in the environment. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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