Environmental and Human Health Impacts of Cruise Tourism: a review
| Autor: | Arnau Carreño, Josep Lloret, Hrvoje Carić, Lora E. Fleming, Joan San |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Travel
medicine.medical_specialty cruise pollution health well-being tourism travel oceans & human health Public health Cruise Crew Context (language use) Shipyard Aquatic Science Oceanography Pollution Disease Outbreaks Tourism Human health Habitat medicine Humans Public Health Business Environmental planning Cruise Pollution Health Well-being Tourism Travel Oceans & human health Ships |
| DOI: | 10.5281/zenodo.5534288 |
| Popis: | Highlights • Environmental and human health impacts of cruise tourism are increasing. • Air, water, soil, fragile habitats and areas and wildlife are affected by cruises. • The health of passengers, crew, residents living near cruise ports and workers of shipyards is compromised. • The cruise industry's impacts provide an example of interconnections between human and environmental health. • Cruises should be more closely monitored and regulated to prevent or minimize all impacts. The intensive growth of cruise tourism worldwide during recent decades is leading to growing concerns over the sector's global environmental and health impacts. This review combines for the first time various sources of information to estimate the magnitude of the cruise industry's environmental and public health footprints. This research shows that cruising, despite technical advances and some surveillance programmes, remains a major source of air, water (fresh and marine) and land pollution affecting fragile habitats, areas and species, and a potential source of physical and mental human health risks. Health risks impact both the people on board (crew and passengers) and on land (workers of shipyards where cruise ships are dismantled and citizens inhabiting cities with cruise ports and shipyards). In this context, we argue that the cruise industry should be held accountable with more monitoring and regulation to prevent or minimize the growing negative environmental and human health impacts. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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