Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Cells in Breast Milk: Association with Immunosuppression and Vitamin A Deficiency
| Autor: | Mary Welch, Grace John, Joan K. Kreiss, Barbra A. Richardson, Stephen Moses, Ruth Nduati, King K. Holmes, Julie Overbaugh, F E Onyango, Jackoniah O. Ndinya-Achola |
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| Rok vydání: | 1995 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Adolescent medicine.medical_treatment Physiology Breast milk Article chemistry.chemical_compound Blood cell depletion therapy Pregnancy Immune Tolerance medicine Humans Immunology and Allergy Risk factor Milk Human Vitamin A Deficiency business.industry Retinol Immunosuppression Odds ratio medicine.disease Infectious Disease Transmission Vertical CD4 Lymphocyte Count Vitamin A deficiency Infectious Diseases chemistry Immunology HIV-1 Female business Breast feeding |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Infectious Diseases. 172:1461-1468 |
| ISSN: | 1537-6613 0022-1899 |
| DOI: | 10.1093/infdis/172.6.1461 |
| Popis: | Breast milk samples from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-seropositive women were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction to determine the prevalence and determinants of HIV-1-infected cells in breast milk. Breast milk samples (212) were collected from 107 women, and 58% of the samples had detectable HIV-1 DNA. The proportion of HIV-1-infected cells in the milk samples ranged from 1 to 3255/10(4) cells. Breast milk samples with detectable HIV-1 DNA were more likely to be from women with absolute CD4 cell counts of < 400 (odds ratio, 3.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-7.0). Severe vitamin A deficiency (< 20 micrograms/dL) was associated with a 20-fold increased risk of having HIV-1 DNA in breast milk among women with < 400 CD4 cells/mm3 (95% CI, 2.1-188.5). Women with CD4 cell depletion, especially those with vitamin A deficiency, may be at increased risk of transmitting HIV-1 to their infants through breast milk. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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