Vegetativno razmnožavanje pitomog kestena i maruna
| Autor: | Igor Poljak, Davor Juretić, Mirna Ćurković-Perica, Marin Ježić, Milovan Žigante, Mario Šango, Katarina Tumpa, Marilena Idžojtić, Damir Drvodelić |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | Šumarski list Volume 145 Issue 9-10 |
| ISSN: | 1846-9140 0373-1332 |
| DOI: | 10.31298/sl.145.9-10.7 |
| Popis: | Maruni su selekcionirane sorte europskog pitomog kestena, uzgajane radi krupnoće i kvalitete plodova. Većina zemalja u kojima raste europski pitomi kesten ima svoje autohtone sorte, koje su dobivene dugotrajnom selekcijom i uzgojem, tijekom više stoljeća. Kultiviranje maruna ima dugu povijest u zapadnoj Hrvatskoj, većinom na području Lovrana i okolice. Nažalost, stabla maruna ugrožena su štetnicima i bolestima, kao i napuštanjem nasada, no dio uzgajivača i dalje njeguje tradicionalan način uzgoja. U ovome se radu daje pregled najčešćih metoda vegetativnog razmnožavanja pitomog kestena i maruna, kao i kraći pregled načina uzgoja, razmnožavanja te značaja nasada maruna u Hrvatskoj. Budući da je prenošenje istovjetnih karakteristika plodova s matične biljke na potomstvo moguće jedino izravnim prenošenjem genotipa roditeljske biljke, maruni se mogu razmnožavati samo vegetativnim metodama. Najčešća metoda vegetativnog razmnožavanja maruna, kao i pitomog kestena, u rasadnicima je cijepljenje. Ostale korištene metode vegetativnog razmnožavanja su razmnožavanje povaljenicama, reznicama i kulturom tkiva. Selected varieties of sweet chestnut called marrons are cultivated for their large and exquisite fruits. Most of the countries with native sweet chestnut populations have their autochthonous varieties that were arduously created through selective breeding over many centuries. Marron cultivation has a long history in Croatia, mostly in the Lovran area and its surroundings. Although threatened by pests and diseases, as well as land abandonment, some growers still practice the traditional cultivation methods. This paper provides an overview of the most common vegetative propagation methods utilized for the sweet chestnut and marrons sapling production, as well as a shorter overview of cultivation methods, breeding, and the importance of marron plantations in Croatia. Identical fruit characteristics can be inherited by progenies only through faithful passing on of the parent’s genotype, thus marrons are propagated vegetatively. Grafting is the most common method of vegetative propagation of marrons in tree nurseries. Other vegetative methods discussed are propagation by layering, cuttings and tissue culture, occasionally used in the reproduction of sweet chestnut. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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