Metabolite-Sensing G Protein–Coupled Receptors—Facilitators of Diet-Related Immune Regulation
Autor: | Charles R. Mackay, Eliana Mariño, Craig R. M. McKenzie, Jian Tan, Laurence Macia |
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Rok vydání: | 2017 |
Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Immunology Disease Biology Receptors G-Protein-Coupled 03 medical and health sciences Immune system Free fatty acid receptor 1 Hypersensitivity Animals Homeostasis Humans Immunology and Allergy Intestinal Mucosa Receptor G protein-coupled receptor Immunity GPR120 Inflammatory Bowel Diseases G protein-coupled bile acid receptor Diet Gastrointestinal Microbiome Cell biology Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 030104 developmental biology Cardiovascular Diseases GPR35 |
Zdroj: | Annual Review of Immunology. 35:371-402 |
ISSN: | 1545-3278 0732-0582 |
Popis: | Nutrition and the gut microbiome regulate many systems, including the immune, metabolic, and nervous systems. We propose that the host responds to deficiency (or sufficiency) of dietary and bacterial metabolites in a dynamic way, to optimize responses and survival. A family of G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) termed the metabolite-sensing GPCRs bind to various metabolites and transmit signals that are important for proper immune and metabolic functions. Members of this family include GPR43, GPR41, GPR109A, GPR120, GPR40, GPR84, GPR35, and GPR91. In addition, bile acid receptors such as GPR131 (TGR5) and proton-sensing receptors such as GPR65 show similar features. A consistent feature of this family of GPCRs is that they provide anti-inflammatory signals; many also regulate metabolism and gut homeostasis. These receptors represent one of the main mechanisms whereby the gut microbiome affects vertebrate physiology, and they also provide a link between the immune and metabolic systems. Insufficient signaling through one or more of these metabolite-sensing GPCRs likely contributes to human diseases such as asthma, food allergies, type 1 and type 2 diabetes, hepatic steatosis, cardiovascular disease, and inflammatory bowel diseases. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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