Foamy Viruses, Bet, and APOBEC3 Restriction
| Autor: | Ananda Ayyappan Jaguva Vasudevan, Holger Gohlke, Daniel Becker, Tom Luedde, Carsten Münk |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Primates
0301 basic medicine foamy virus 030106 microbiology Population Retroviridae Proteins lcsh:QR1-502 Review lcsh:Microbiology Cell Line ddc:050 03 medical and health sciences Retrovirus Virology Animals Humans APOBEC Deaminases Bushmeat education cytidine deaminase education.field_of_study Host Microbial Interactions biology Host (biology) viral antagonist APOBEC3 Cytidine deaminase Bet biology.organism_classification restriction factors viral restriction retrovirus 030104 developmental biology Infectious Diseases Mutation Tetherin Spumavirus Adaptation Foamy Viruses Retroviridae Infections |
| Zdroj: | Viruses 13(3), 504 (2021). doi:10.3390/v13030504 Viruses, Vol 13, Iss 504, p 504 (2021) Viruses |
| DOI: | 10.3390/v13030504 |
| Popis: | Non-human primates (NHP) are an important source of viruses that can spillover to humans and, after adaptation, spread through the host population. Whereas HIV-1 and HTLV-1 emerged as retroviral pathogens in humans, a unique class of retroviruses called foamy viruses (FV) with zoonotic potential are occasionally detected in bushmeat hunters or zookeepers. Various FVs are endemic in numerous mammalian natural hosts, such as primates, felines, bovines, and equines, and other animals, but not in humans. They are apathogenic, and significant differences exist between the viral life cycles of FV and other retroviruses. Importantly, FVs replicate in the presence of many well-defined retroviral restriction factors such as TRIM5α, BST2 (Tetherin), MX2, and APOBEC3 (A3). While the interaction of A3s with HIV-1 is well studied, the escape mechanisms of FVs from restriction by A3 is much less explored. Here we review the current knowledge of FV biology, host restriction factors, and FV–host interactions with an emphasis on the consequences of FV regulatory protein Bet binding to A3s and outline crucial open questions for future studies. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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