Malnutrition Aggravates Alterations Observed in the Gut Structure and Immune Response of Mice Infected with Leishmania infantum
| Autor: | Jonathan Durães, Felipe Gaitán-Albarracín, Juan Sebastián Arcila-Barrera, Fernanda Nazaré Morgado, Rodrigo Caldas Menezes, Nathalia Pinho, Adriana Umaña-Pérez, Patricia Cuervo, Monica Losada-Barragán, Renata Cruz Soares de Azevedo, Vinicius F. Carvalho |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Microbiology (medical) Immunoglobulin A QH301-705.5 T cell 030231 tropical medicine Inflammation malnutrition duodenum Microbiology Lymphoid hyperplasia Article Leishmania infantum 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Immune system Virology medicine visceral leishmaniasis Biology (General) biology medicine.disease biology.organism_classification 030104 developmental biology Visceral leishmaniasis medicine.anatomical_structure Lymphatic system inflammation Immunology biology.protein gut medicine.symptom IgA |
| Zdroj: | Microorganisms Volume 9 Issue 6 Microorganisms, Vol 9, Iss 1270, p 1270 (2021) |
| ISSN: | 2076-2607 |
| Popis: | Malnutrition is a risk factor for developing visceral leishmaniasis and its severe forms. Our group demonstrated that malnourished animals infected with Leishmania infantum had severe atrophies in lymphoid organs and T cell subpopulations as well as altered levels of thymic and splenic chemotactic factors, all of which resulted in dysfunctional lymphoid microenvironments that promoted parasite proliferation. Here, we hypothesize that malnutrition preceding parasite infection leads to structural and immunological changes in the gut mucosae, resulting in a failure in the immune response sensed in the intestine. To evaluate this, we analyzed the immunopathological events resulting from protein malnutrition in the guts of BALB/c mice infected with L. infantum. We observed lymphocytic/lymphoplasmacytic inflammatory infiltrates and lymphoid hyperplasia in the duodenum of well-nourished-infected mice such alterations were worsened when malnutrition preceded infection. Parasite infection induced a significant increase of duodenal immunoglobulin A (IgA) of well-nourished animals, but those levels were significantly decreased in malnourished-infected mice. In addition, increased levels of Th17-related cytokines in duodenums of malnourished animals supported local inflammation. Together, our results suggest that the gut plays a potential role in responses to L. infantum infection—and that such responses are impaired in malnourished individuals. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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