Comparison of emerging contaminants in receiving waters downstream of a conventional wastewater treatment plant and a forest-water reuse system
| Autor: | Rebecca L. McMahen, Melanie L. Hedgespeth, Elizabeth Guthrie Nichols, Mark J. Strynar, Andrew D. McEachran, Seth Newton, Damian Shea |
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| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
Agricultural Irrigation
Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis 0208 environmental biotechnology 02 engineering and technology 010501 environmental sciences Reuse Wastewater 01 natural sciences Waste Disposal Fluid Article Downstream (manufacturing) North Carolina Environmental Chemistry 0105 earth and related environmental sciences business.industry Conventional treatment Forestry General Medicine Chemical industry Contamination Pulp and paper industry Pollution 020801 environmental engineering Environmental science Sewage treatment business Surface water Water Pollutants Chemical Environmental Monitoring |
| Zdroj: | Environmental science and pollution research international. 25(13) |
| ISSN: | 1614-7499 |
| Popis: | Forest-water reuse (FWR) systems treat municipal, industrial, and agricultural wastewaters via land application to forest soils. Previous studies have shown that both large-scale conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and FWR systems do not completely remove many contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) before release of treated wastewater. To better characterize CECs and potential for increased implementation of FWR systems, FWR systems need to be directly compared to conventional WWTPs. In this study, both a quantitative, targeted analysis and a nontargeted analysis were utilized to better understand how CECs release to waterways from an FWR system compared to a conventional treatment system. Quantitatively, greater concentrations and total mass load of CECs was exhibited downstream of the conventional WWTP compared to the FWR. Average summed concentrations of 33 targeted CECs downstream of the conventional system were ~ 1000 ng/L and downstream of the FWR were ~ 30 ng/L. From a nontargeted chemical standpoint, more tentatively identified chemicals were present, and at a greater relative abundance, downstream of the conventional system as well. Frequently occurring contaminants included phthalates, pharmaceuticals, and industrial chemicals. These data indicate that FWR systems represent a sustainable wastewater treatment alternative and that emerging contaminant release to waterways was lower at a FWR system than a conventional WWTP. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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