A quasi-3D model of the whole lung: airway extension to the tracheobronchial limit using the constrained constructive optimization and alveolar modeling, using a sac–trumpet model
| Autor: | Xianlian Alex Zhou, Narender Singh, Andrzej Przekwas, R. Kannan, Ross Walenga, Andrew Babiskin |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
AcademicSubjects/SCI01580
Lateral surface Computer science AcademicSubjects/SCI00770 0206 medical engineering Computational Mechanics 02 engineering and technology Computational fluid dynamics 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Functional residual capacity medicine Q3D lung airway Point (geometry) Limit (mathematics) Engineering (miscellaneous) AcademicSubjects/SCI01600 constrained constructive optimization Computational model Lung business.industry sac–trumpet CCO quasi-3D (Q3D) Mechanics respiratory system 020601 biomedical engineering Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design Human-Computer Interaction Computational Mathematics medicine.anatomical_structure Modeling and Simulation Breathing CFD business Research Article |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Computational Design and Engineering |
| ISSN: | 2288-5048 |
| DOI: | 10.1093/jcde/qwab008 |
| Popis: | Existing computational models used for simulating the flow and species transport in the human airways are zero-dimensional (0D) compartmental, three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD), or the recently developed quasi-3D (Q3D) models. Unlike compartmental models, the full CFD and Q3D models are physiologically and anatomically consistent in the mouth and the upper airways, since the starting point of these models is the mouth–lung surface geometry, typically created from computed tomography (CT) scans. However, the current resolution of CT scans limits the airway detection between the 3rd–4th and 7th–9th generations. Consequently, CFD and the Q3D models developed using these scans are generally limited to these generations. In this study, we developed a method to extend the conducting airways from the end of the truncated Q3D lung to the tracheobronchial (TB) limit. We grew the lung generations within the closed lung lobes using the modified constrained constructive optimization, creating an aerodynamically optimized network aiming to produce equal pressure at the distal ends of the terminal segments. This resulted in a TB volume and lateral area of ∼165 cc and ∼2000 cm2, respectively. We created a “sac–trumpet” model at each of the TB outlets to represent the alveoli. The volumes of the airways and the individual alveolar generations match the anatomical values by design: with the functional residual capacity at 2611 cc. Lateral surface areas were scaled to match the physiological values. These generated Q3D whole lung models can be efficiently used for conducting multiple breathing cycles of drug transport and deposition simulations. Graphical Abstract Graphical Abstract |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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