Use of natural experimental studies to evaluate 20mph speed limits in two major UK cities
| Autor: | Neil Craig, Michael Kelly, Claire Cleland, Charlie Foster, Ruth F. Hunter, Andy Cope, Paul Kelly, Karen Milton, Kieran Turner, Graham Baker, James Woodcock, Andrew James Williams, Frank Kee, Glenna Nightingale, Ruth Jepson |
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| Přispěvatelé: | University of St Andrews. School of Medicine, University of St Andrews. Population and Behavioural Science Division, Kelly, Mike [0000-0002-2029-5841], Woodcock, James [0000-0003-4769-5375], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
medicine.medical_specialty
Geography Planning and Development Transportation E-NDAS Natural (archaeology) Article SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being Political science medicine Speed limit Safety Risk Reliability and Quality Evaluation Environmental planning speed limit evaluation Health Policy Public health Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Pollution SDG 11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Policy RA Public aspects of medicine 20mph SPS Exercise Nutrition and Health Sciences Safety Research RA policy |
| Zdroj: | Milton, K, Kelly, M, Baker, G, Cleland, C L, Cope, A, Craig, N, Foster, C E M, Hunter, R, Kee, F, Kelly, P, Nightingale, G, Edinburgh, U, Williams, A J, Woodcock, J & Edinburgh, U 2021, ' Use of natural experimental studies to evaluate 20mph speed limits in two major UK cities ', Journal of Transport and Health, vol. 22, 101141 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2021.101141 Journal of Transport & Health Milton, K, Kelly, M P, Baker, G, Cleland, C, Cope, A, Craig, N, Foster, C, Hunter, R, Kee, F, Kelly, P, Nightingale, G, Turner, K, Williams, A J, Woodcock, J & Jepson, R 2021, ' Use of natural experimental studies to evaluate 20mph speed limits in two major UK cities ', Journal of Transport and Health, vol. 22, 101141 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2021.101141 Milton, K, Kelly, M P, Baker, G, Cleland, C, Cope, A, Craig, N, Foster, C, Hunter, R, Kee, F, Kelly, P, Nightingale, G, Turner, K, Williams, A J, Woodcock, J & Jepson, R 2021, ' Use of natural experimental studies to evaluate 20mph speed limits in two major UK cities. ', Journal of Transport and Health, vol. 22, 101141 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2021.101141 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.jth.2021.101141 |
| Popis: | Introduction Reductions in traffic speed can potentially offer multiple health and public health benefits. In 2016, implementation of 20mph (30kph) speed limit interventions began in Edinburgh (city-wide) and Belfast (city centre). The aims of this paper are to describe 1) the broad theoretical approach and design of two natural experimental studies to evaluate the 20mph speed limits in Edinburgh and Belfast and 2) how these studies allowed us to test and explore theoretical mechanisms of 20mph speed limit interventions. Methods The evaluation consisted of several work packages, each with different research foci, including the political decision-making processes that led to the schemes, their implementation processes, outcomes (including traffic speed, perceptions of safety, and casualties) and cost effectiveness. We used a combination of routinely and locally collected quantitative data and primary quantitative and qualitative data. Results The evaluation identified many contextual factors influencing the likelihood of 20mph speed limits reaching the political agenda. There were substantial differences between the two sites in several aspects related to implementation. Reductions in speed resulted in significant reductions in collisions and casualties, particularly in Edinburgh, which had higher average speed at baseline. The monetary value of collisions and casualties prevented are likely to exceed the costs of the intervention and thus the overall balance of costs and benefits is likely to be favourable. Conclusions Innovative study designs, including natural experiments, are important for assessing the impact of ‘real world’ public health interventions. Using multiple methods, this project enabled a deeper understanding of not only the effects of the intervention but the factors that explain how and why the intervention and the effects did or did not occur. Importantly it has shown that 20mph speed limits can lead to reductions in speed, collisions and casualties, and are therefore an effective public health intervention. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • Natural experiments are useful for evaluating real world public health interventions • This paper presents the methods and findings of two 20mph speed limit interventions • 20mph limits led to reductions in speed, collisions and casualties in both cities • 20mph speed limits are an effective public health intervention • Policymakers should scale up 20mph interventions to improve population health |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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