Phytoestrogens in milk: Overestimations caused by contamination of the hydrolytic enzyme used during sample extraction
| Autor: | Lucie Bláhová, Michaela Prudíková, Tereza Procházková, Jiří Kohoutek, Luděk Bláha |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
endocrine system Coumestrol Genistein Phytoestrogens Biochanin A 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound Genetics Formononetin Animals Glucuronidase Ovum Chromatography Daidzein 0402 animal and dairy science food and beverages 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences Equol Isoflavones 040201 dairy & animal science 030104 developmental biology Milk chemistry Animal Science and Zoology Cattle Female Food Science |
| Zdroj: | Journal of dairy science. 99(9) |
| ISSN: | 1525-3198 |
| Popis: | Isoflavones are natural phytoestrogens with antioxidant and endocrine-disrupting potencies. Monitoring of their levels is important to ensure the high quality and safety of food, milk, and dairy products. The efficiency and accuracy of phytoestrogen analyses in complex matrices such as milk depend on the extraction procedure, which often uses hydrolysis by means of the β-glucuronidase/sulfatase enzyme originating from Helix pomatia. The present study reveals that the commercially available hydrolytic enzyme is contaminated by several phytoestrogen isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, formononetin, and biochanin A) and their metabolite equol, as well as flavones (naringenin and apigenin) and coumestrol. We show that the concentrations of daidzein and genistein in the enzyme could have impaired the results of analyses of the main isoflavones in several previously published studies. Of 8 analyzed compounds, only equol was confirmed in the present study and it serves as a reliable marker of phytoestrogens originating from cow feed. Critical reassessment of phytoestrogen concentrations in milk is needed because several previously published studies might have overestimated the concentrations depending on the extraction procedure used. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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