Antibiotic resistance genes identified in wastewater treatment plant systems - A review
Autor: | Ewa Mulkiewicz, Piotr Stepnowski, Jolanta Kumirska, Magdalena Pazda |
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Rok vydání: | 2019 |
Předmět: |
Environmental Engineering
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences medicine.drug_class Antibiotics Sewage 010501 environmental sciences Biology Wastewater 01 natural sciences Waste Disposal Fluid Antibiotic resistance medicine Environmental Chemistry Waste Management and Disposal Effluent 0105 earth and related environmental sciences business.industry Drug Resistance Microbial Pollution Biotechnology Multiple drug resistance Genes Bacterial Sewage treatment Efflux business |
Zdroj: | The Science of the total environment. 697 |
ISSN: | 1879-1026 |
Popis: | The intensive use of antibiotics for human, veterinary and agricultural purposes, results in their continuous release into the environment. Together with antibiotics, antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are introduced into wastewater. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are believed to be probable hotspots for antibiotic resistance dissemination in the environment as they offer convenient conditions for ARB proliferation as well as for horizontal transfer of ARGs among different microorganisms. In fact, genes conferring resistance to all classes of antibiotics together with mobile genetic elements (MGEs) like plasmids, transposons, bacteriophages, integrons are detected in WWTPs in different countries. It seems that WWTPs with conventional treatment processes are capable of significant reduction of ARB but are not efficient in ARG removal. Implementation of advanced wastewater cleaning processes in addition to a conventional wastewater treatment is an important step to protect the aquatic environment. Growing interest in presence and fate of ARB and ARGs in WWTP systems resulted in the fact that knowledge in this area has increased staggeringly in the past few years. The main aim of the article is to collect and organize available data on ARGs, that are commonly detected in raw sewage, treated wastewater or activated sludge. Resistance to the antibiotics usually used in antibacterial therapy belonging to main classes like beta-lactams, macrolides, quinolones, sulfonamides, trimethoprim and tetracyclines was taken into account. The presence of multidrug efflux genes is also included in this paper. The occurrence of antibiotics may promote the selection of ARB and ARGs. As it is important to discuss the problem considering all aspects that influence it, the levels of antibiotics detected in influent and effluent of WWTPs were also presented. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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