Manipulation of Carotenoid Metabolic Flux by Lycopene Cyclization in Ripening Red Pepper (Capsicum annuum var. conoides) Fruits
| Autor: | Shan Lu, Tian-Jun Cao, Ran Wang, Qiang Wang, Chang-Fang Zhou, Zhong Wang, Hui Zheng |
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| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
Lutein 01 natural sciences Metabolic engineering chemistry.chemical_compound Lycopene Gene Expression Regulation Plant Pepper Food science Intramolecular Lyases Carotenoid Plant Proteins chemistry.chemical_classification ATP synthase biology 010401 analytical chemistry Ripening General Chemistry Carotenoids 0104 chemical sciences chemistry Cyclization Fruit biology.protein Capsicum General Agricultural and Biological Sciences Flux (metabolism) 010606 plant biology & botany |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 67:4300-4310 |
| ISSN: | 1520-5118 0021-8561 |
| Popis: | Carotenoids are essential phytonutrients for the human body. Higher plants usually synthesize and accumulate carotenoids in their leaves, flowers, and fruits. Most carotenoids have either two β-rings on both ends or β- and ε-rings separately on two ends of their molecules and are synthesized from the acyclic lycopene as the precursor. Lycopene β- and ε-cyclases (LCYB and LCYE, respectively) catalyze the β- and ε-cyclization of lycopene, respectively, and regulate the metabolic flux from lycopene to its downstream β,β-branches (by LCYB alone) and β,ε-branches (by LCYE and LCYB). In this study, we identified and characterized genes for two LCYBs (CaLCYB1 and CaLCYB2), one LCYE (CaLCYE1), and a capsanthin/capsorubin synthase (CaCCS1) which is also able to β-cyclize lycopene from the red pepper ( Capsicum annuum var. conoides) genome. By quantifying transcript abundances of these genes and contents of different carotenoid components in ripening fruits, we observed a correlation between the induction of both CaLCYBs and the accumulation of carotenoids of the β,β-branch during ripening. Although capsanthin was accumulated in ripened fruits, our quantification demonstrated a strong induction of CaCCS1 at the breaker stage, together with the simultaneous repression of CaLCYE1 and the decrease of lutein content, suggesting the involvement of CaCCS1 in competing against CaLCYE1 for synthesizing carotenoids of the β,β-branch. Our results provide important information for future metabolic engineering studies to manipulate carotenoid biosynthesis and accumulation in fruits. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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