Tumor Necrosis Factor-α: a Neuromodulator in the CNS
| Autor: | Richard E. Harlan, Abba J. Kastin, Joseph T. Weber, Weihong Pan, William A. Banks, James E. Zadina |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 1997 |
| Předmět: |
Central Nervous System
medicine.medical_specialty Cognitive Neuroscience medicine.medical_treatment Central nervous system Nitric oxide Behavioral Neuroscience chemistry.chemical_compound Internal medicine medicine Animals Humans Cytotoxic T cell Receptor Neurotransmitter Agents biology Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Cell biology Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology Cytokine medicine.anatomical_structure Endocrinology chemistry biology.protein Tumor necrosis factor alpha Signal transduction Neurotrophin |
| Zdroj: | Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 21:603-613 |
| ISSN: | 0149-7634 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/s0149-7634(96)00047-4 |
| Popis: | In the central nervous system (CNS), the cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) is produced by both neurons and glial cells, participates in developmental modeling, and is involved in many pathophysiological conditions. There are activity-dependent expressions of TNF alpha as well as low levels of secretion in the resting state. In contrast to the conventional view of a cytotoxic effect of TNF alpha, accumulating evidence suggests a beneficial effect when TNF alpha is applied at optimal doses and at specific periods of time. The bimodal effect is related to subtypes of receptors, activation of different signal transduction pathways, and the presence of other molecules that alter the intracellular response elements such as immediate-early genes. TNF alpha may be an important neuromodulator in development of the CNS, diseases of demyelination and degeneration, and in the process of regeneration. It could induce growth-promoting cytokines and neurotrophins, or it could increase the production of antiproliferative cytokines, nitric oxide, and free radicals, thereby contributing to apoptosis. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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