The modulation of disjunctive assertions
| Autor: | Philip N. Johnson-Laird, Ana Cristina Quelhas |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male Deductive reasoning Adolescent Disjunctions Logic Physiology Experimental and Cognitive Psychology Models Psychological Choice Behavior Statistics Nonparametric 050105 experimental psychology Young Adult Mental models 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Predictive Value of Tests Block (programming) Physiology (medical) Humans sort 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences Meaning (existential) Categorical variable Problem Solving General Psychology Modulation Blocking (linguistics) Interpretation (philosophy) 05 social sciences General Medicine Middle Aged 16. Peace & justice Linguistics Core (game theory) Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology Female Comprehension Psychology 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
| Zdroj: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (RCAAP) instacron:RCAAP |
| ISSN: | 1747-0226 1747-0218 |
| DOI: | 10.1080/17470218.2016.1154079 |
| Popis: | The theory of mental models postulates that disjunctions of the sort, A or B, where A and B are sensible everyday clauses, have a core meaning that allows an inclusive interpretation, referring to three possibilities: A and not-B, not-A and B, and A and B. The meaning of the clauses and knowledge can modulate this meaning by blocking the construction of at least one model of a possibility, e.g., "Rui is playing tennis or he is surfing" blocks the model of Rui doing both activities. This theory is implemented in a computer program. Three experiments investigated the core interpretation and interpretations in which the contents of the clauses should block the model of A and B (as in the preceding example), the model of A and not-B, or the model of not-A and B. In Experiment 1, the participants listed the possibilities for each of the four sorts of disjunction. The results corroborated the predicted modulations. In Experiment 2, these predicted interpretations governed the conclusions that participants accepted from disjunctions and categorical premises. In Experiment 3, the predicted interpretations yielded reliable effects on the conclusions that the participants drew for themselves. We relate these results to theories of reasoning. PQJE_1154079_supplemental_material.docx. Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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