A comparison of morning-only and morning/late afternoon Adderall to morning-only, twice-daily, and three times-daily methylphenidate in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
| Autor: | Randi L. Steiner, David L. Meichenbaum, William E. Pelham, Andrea M. Chronis, Adia N. Onyango, Elizabeth M. Gnagy, Lisa Burrows-MacLean, Helen R. Aronoff, Gregory A. Fabiano, Andrew Williams |
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| Rok vydání: | 1999 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Pediatrics medicine.medical_specialty Evening Time Factors Child Behavior Context (language use) Placebo law.invention Placebos Randomized controlled trial law medicine Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Humans Child Morning Cross-Over Studies Dose-Response Relationship Drug business.industry Methylphenidate Amphetamines medicine.disease Crossover study Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity Anesthesia Pediatrics Perinatology and Child Health Central Nervous System Stimulants Female business medicine.drug Follow-Up Studies |
| Zdroj: | Pediatrics. 104(6) |
| ISSN: | 1098-4275 |
| Popis: | Objective. 1) To compare standard twice-daily methylphenidate (MPH) dosing with a single morning dose of MPH and of Adderall during a typical school-day time period, and 2) to conduct a dose-response study of the effects of a late-afternoon (3:30 pm) dose of MPH and Adderall on evening behavior and side effects. Design. Within-subject, placebo-controlled, crossover design. Setting. Intensive summer treatment program with a comprehensive behavioral approach. Study Participants. Twenty-one children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (19 boys and 2 girls), between the ages of 6 and 12 years. Interventions. Children received, in random order with daily crossovers, each of the following conditions: 1) placebo, 2) 0.3 mg/kg of MPH received 3 times, 3) 0.3 mg/kg of MPH received twice (7:30am and 11:30 am) with 0.15 mg/kg received at 3:30 pm, 4) 0.3 mg/kg of MPH received once in the morning only, 5) 0.3 mg/kg of Adderall received at 7:30 am and at 3:30 pm, 6) 0.3 mg/kg of Adderall once in the morning with 0.15 mg/kg received at 3:30 pm, 7) 0.3 mg/kg of Adderall received in the morning only. Outcome Measures. Daily rates of behaviors in social and academic settings, and standardized ratings from counselors and teachers, were assessed for the hours between 8:00 am and 3:30 pm (a typical school-day). Relative sizes of the medication effects were compared hourly between first daily ingestion (7:30 am) and 4:45 pm to assess the time course of the 2 drugs. Effects of the 3:30 pm doses on functioning in the evenings at home were evaluated using parent ratings of behavioral and side effects. Results. A single morning dose of Adderall produced equivalent behavioral effects to those of MPH received twice-daily and behavioral effects of that single morning dose lasted throughout the school-day period. One morning dose of MPH was less effective than either 2 daily doses of MPH or 1 dose of Adderall, and seemed to wear off in the early to mid-afternoon. For some children a single morning dose of MPH maintained their behavior for an entire school day in the context of the summer treatment program. On parent ratings of evening behavior, 0.3 mg/kg of MPH at 3:30 pm was superior to 0.15 mg/kg at 3:30 pm, but there was no difference between the 2 doses of Adderall. Compared with placebo at 3:30 pm, only the 0.3 mg/kg dose of MPH caused significant improvement in parent ratings. In placebo versus Adderall comparisons, all doses, even the condition that consisted of Adderall in the morning and placebo at 3:30pm, produced a significant change in evening behavior. Conclusions. The results show that, at least in the context of an intensive behavioral intervention, a single morning dose of Adderall had behavioral effects throughout an entire school day period that were equivalent to standard twice-daily MPH dosing. These results indicate that Adderall may be used as a long-acting stimulant for children for whom midday dosing is a problem. Further study including dose-response comparisons, effects in regular school settings, and direct comparisons with comparable doses of MPH and d-amphetamine will help to clarify the time course and relative advantages of Adderall. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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