Burden of tuberculosis and challenges related to screening and diagnosis in Ethiopia
| Autor: | Kedir Teji Roba, Lemessa Oljira, Getnet Yimer, Achenef Kidane, Tewodros Haile, Tsegahun Manyazewal, Esther Ngadaya, Hussen Mohammed, Tigest Ajeme, Abebaw Fekadu |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Microbiology (medical) Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine medicine.medical_specialty Tuberculosis Maternal and child health TB tuberculosis 030106 microbiology Economic shortage Diagnostic tools Article WHO World Health Organization lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases FMoH Federal Ministry of Health 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Health care Diagnosis medicine NGOs non-governmental organizations Outpatient clinic lcsh:RC109-216 MDR-TB multi-drug resistant tuberculosis 030212 general & internal medicine ANC ant-natal care AFB acid fast bacilli PNC postnatal care lcsh:RC705-779 Retrospective review business.industry PFSA Pharmaceutical Fund and Supply Agency EPTB extra pulmonary tuberculosis lcsh:Diseases of the respiratory system medicine.disease ART anti-retroviral therapy DOTS directly observed treatment short course Stratified sampling HIV human immunodeficiency virus PMTCT prevention mother to child transmission Infectious Diseases eHMIS electronic Health Management Information System Family medicine NTB National TB program Screening General health Ethiopia business Xpert MTB/RIF assay |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Vol 19, Iss, Pp-(2020) Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases |
| ISSN: | 2405-5794 |
| Popis: | Introduction One-third of tuberculosis (TB) cases in Ethiopia are missing from care for reasons that are not well studied. The aim of this study was to assess TB burden and identify challenges related to TB screening and diagnosis in Ethiopia. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted in seven health facilities selected from two regions and two city administrations of Ethiopia using stratified random sampling procedures. The data of 1,059,065 patients were included from outpatient department, HIV clinic, diabetic, and maternal-child health clinics. Data were collected from October to December 2018 using a retrospective review of three years’ facility data (2015 to 2017) supplemented by a semi-structured interview with purposively selected health care workers and heads of the health facilities. Results A total of 1,059,065 patients visited the health facilities in three years, of these, 978,480 (92.4%) were outpatients. Of the total, 20,284 (2%) were presumptive TB cases (with 2 weeks or more cough), 12.2% (2483/20284) of which had TB. For the type of TB, 604 (24.3%) were smear-positive pulmonary TB (PTB), 789 (31.8%) were smear-negative PTB, 719 (29%) were extra-pulmonary TB, and data were missing for the rest. TB screening was integrated into HIV clinic, outpatient department, diabetic clinic but not with the maternal and child clinics. High patient load, weak TB laboratory specimen referral system, and shortage of TB diagnostic tools including Xpert MTB/RIF assay and chest X-ray, were the major challenges in the screening and diagnosis of TB. Conclusion The burden of TB was high in the study setting, and frequent interruption of laboratory reagents and supplies hampered TB screening and diagnostic services. Realizing the END-TB strategy in such resource-limited settings requires sustainable TB diagnostic capacity and improved case detection mechanisms, with national TB programs strongly integrated into the general health care system. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|