A Holistic Appraisal of Stromal Differentiation in Colorectal Cancer: Biology, Histopathology, Computation, and Genomics
| Autor: | Rebecca M. Thomas, Taisia Vitkovski, Sean Hacking, Rafae Nasim, Baidarbhi Chakraborty |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Stromal cell Colorectal cancer Angiogenesis Biopsy Mesenchyme Cell Communication Biology Pathology and Forensic Medicine Metastasis Surgical pathology 03 medical and health sciences ADAMTS Proteins 0302 clinical medicine Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Stroma Predictive Value of Tests Biomarkers Tumor Tumor Microenvironment medicine Humans Diagnosis Computer-Assisted Cancer Cell Differentiation Genomics Cell Biology Prognosis medicine.disease Matrix Metalloproteinases Extracellular Matrix Gene Expression Regulation Neoplastic 030104 developmental biology medicine.anatomical_structure 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis Cancer research Stromal Cells Colorectal Neoplasms |
| Zdroj: | Pathology - Research and Practice. 220:153378 |
| ISSN: | 0344-0338 |
| Popis: | Cancer comprises epithelial tumor cells and associated stroma, often times referred to as the "tumoral microenvironment". Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the most notable components of the tumor mesenchyme. CAFs promote the initiation of cancer through angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. Histologically, the differentiation of stroma has been reported to correlate with prognostic outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer. This review summarizes our current understanding of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in colorectal carcinoma (CRC), showcasing the functions of CAFs and its role in stromal differentiation (SD). We also review current state-of-the-art biology, histopathology, computation, and genomics in the setting of the stroma. SD is distinctive morphologically, and is easily recognized by a surgical pathologist; we offer a lexicon and guide for discovering the essence of stroma, as well as an incipient vision of the future for computation and molecular genomics. We propose that the mesenchymal phenotype, which encompasses a cancer migratory/metastatic capacity, could occur through the process of SD. Looking forward, pathologists will need to invest time and energy into SD, embracing the concept and propagating its use. For patients with colorectal cancer, stroma is a brave new frontier, one not only rich in biologic diversity, but also potentially critical for therapeutic decision making. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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