Efficient Conversion of Biomass-Derived Levulinic Acid to γ-Valerolactone over Polyoxometalate@Zr-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks: The Synergistic Effect of Bro̷nsted and Lewis Acidic Sites
| Autor: | Changwen Hu, Jie Li, Zhen Li, Yingnan Chi, Shuaiheng Zhao, Dan Liu |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Models
Molecular Reaction mechanism 010402 general chemistry Transfer hydrogenation 01 natural sciences Catalysis Inorganic Chemistry 2-Propanol chemistry.chemical_compound Lactones Cascade reaction Levulinic acid Organic chemistry Biomass Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Metal-Organic Frameworks Lewis Acids Molecular Structure 010405 organic chemistry Tungsten Compounds Levulinic Acids 0104 chemical sciences chemistry Yield (chemistry) Polyoxometalate Metal-organic framework Zirconium |
| Zdroj: | Inorganic chemistry. 60(11) |
| ISSN: | 1520-510X |
| Popis: | Catalytic transformation of levulinic acid (LA) to γ-valerolactone (γ-GVL) is an important route for biomass upgradation. Because both Bronsted and Lewis acidic sites are required in the cascade reaction, herein we fabricate a series of H3PW12O40@Zr-based metal-organic framework (HPW@MOF-808) by a facile impregnation method. The synthesized HPW@MOF-808 is active for the conversion of LA to γ-GVL using isopropanol as a hydrogen donor. Interestingly, with the increase in the HPW loading amount, the yield of γ-GVL increases first and then decreases, and 14%-HPW@MOF-808 gave the highest γ-GVL yield (86%). The excellent catalytic performance was ascribed to the synergistic effect between the accessible Lewis acidic Zr4+ sites in MOF-808 and Bronsted acidic HPW sites. Based on the experimental results, a plausible reaction mechanism was proposed: the Zr4+ sites catalyze the transfer hydrogenation of carbonyl groups and the HPW clusters promote the esterification of LA with isopropanol and lactonization to afford γ-GVL. Moreover, HPW@MOF-808 is resistant to leaching and can be reused for five cycles without significant loss of its catalytic activity. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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