FBG-Based Sensor for the Assessment of Heat Transfer Rate of Liquids in a Forced Convective Environment
| Autor: | Arnaldo G. Leal-Junior, Renan C. Lazaro, Carlos Marques, Anselmo Frizera-Neto, Carlos E. S. Castellani |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Convection
Hot Temperature optical sensors Materials science Nuclear engineering Thermal power station TP1-1185 Biochemistry Heat capacity Article Analytical Chemistry Thermal conductivity Thermal insulation Thermal thermal conductivity Electrical and Electronic Engineering Thermal analysis Instrumentation heat transfer rate business.industry Chemical technology Temperature Water Atomic and Molecular Physics and Optics Cold Temperature Calibration Heat transfer specific heat fiber Bragg gratings business thermal analysis |
| Zdroj: | Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 6922, p 6922 (2021) Sensors Volume 21 Issue 20 Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) |
| ISSN: | 1424-8220 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/s21206922 |
| Popis: | The assessment of heat transfer is a complex task, especially for operations in the oil and gas industry, due to the harsh and flammable workspace. In light of the limitations of conventional sensors in harsh environments, this paper presents a fiber Bragg grating (FBG)-based sensor for the assessment of the heat transfer rate (HTR) in different liquids. To better understand the phenomenon of heat distribution, a preliminary analysis is performed by constructing two similar scenarios: those with and without the thermal insulation of a styrofoam box. The results indicate the need for a minimum of thermal power to balance the generated heat with the thermal losses of the setup. In this minimum heat, the behavior of the thermal distribution changes from quadratic to linear. To assess such features, the estimation of the specific heat capacity and the thermal conductivity of water are performed from 3 W to 12 W, in 3 W steps, resulting in a specific heat of 1.144 cal/g °C and thermal conductivity of 0.5682 W/m °C. The calibration and validation of the HTR sensor is performed in a thermostatic bath. The method, based on the temperature slope relative to the time curve, allowed for the measurement of HTR in water and Kryo 51 oil, for different heat insertion configurations. For water, the HTR estimation was 308.782 W, which means an uncertainty of 2.8% with the reference value of the cooling power (300 W). In Kryo 51 oil, the estimated heat absorbed by the oil was 4.38 kW in heating and 718.14 kW in cooling. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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