Innate immune response to tick-borne pathogens: Cellular and molecular mechanisms induced in the hosts

Autor: Marco Pio La Manna, S. Villari, José de la Fuente, Alessandra Torina, Stefano Vullo, Valeria Blanda, Guido Sireci, Mojtaba Shekarkar Azgomi, Diana Di Liberto
Přispěvatelé: Ministero della Salute, Torina A, Villari S, Blanda V, Vullo S, La Manna MP, Shekarkar Azgomi M, Di Liberto D, de la Fuente J, Sireci G
Rok vydání: 2020
Předmět:
0301 basic medicine
Innate immune response
Host Defense Mechanism
Review
Inflammasome
lcsh:Chemistry
Ticks
Theileria
Tick borne pathogens
Rickettsia
lcsh:QH301-705.5
Spectroscopy
Gene ontology analysis
gene ontology analysis
General Medicine
Acquired immune system
Computer Science Applications
Tick-Borne Diseases
Tumor necrosis factor alpha
medicine.drug
Anaplasma
030106 microbiology
Ehrlichia
Babesia
Biology
Catalysis
Microbiology
Inorganic Chemistry
03 medical and health sciences
Antigen
inflammasome
parasitic diseases
medicine
Animals
Humans
Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Molecular Biology
Innate immune system
Organic Chemistry
gene ontology analysi
biology.organism_classification
Immunity
Innate
Complement system
Insect Vectors
030104 developmental biology
lcsh:Biology (General)
lcsh:QD1-999
innate immune response
tick borne pathogens
Zdroj: Digital.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 21, Iss 5437, p 5437 (2020)
Popis: This article belongs to the Special Issue Inflammasome.
Many pathogens are transmitted by tick bites, including Anaplasma spp., Ehrlichia spp., Rickettsia spp., Babesia and Theileria sensu stricto species. These pathogens cause infectious diseases both in animals and humans. Different types of immune effector mechanisms could be induced in hosts by these microorganisms, triggered either directly by pathogen-derived antigens or indirectly by molecules released by host cells binding to these antigens. The components of innate immunity, such as natural killer cells, complement proteins, macrophages, dendritic cells and tumor necrosis factor alpha, cause a rapid and intense protection for the acute phase of infectious diseases. Moreover, the onset of a pro-inflammatory state occurs upon the activation of the inflammasome, a protein scaffold with a key-role in host defense mechanism, regulating the action of caspase-1 and the maturation of interleukin-1β and IL-18 into bioactive molecules. During the infection caused by different microbial agents, very similar profiles of the human innate immune response are observed including secretion of IL-1α, IL-8, and IFN-α, and suppression of superoxide dismutase, IL-1Ra and IL-17A release. Innate immunity is activated immediately after the infection and inflammasome-mediated changes in the pro-inflammatory cytokines at systemic and intracellular levels can be detected as early as on days 2–5 after tick bite. The ongoing research field of “inflammasome biology” focuses on the interactions among molecules and cells of innate immune response that could be responsible for triggering a protective adaptive immunity. The knowledge of the innate immunity mechanisms, as well as the new targets of investigation arising by bioinformatics analysis, could lead to the development of new methods of emergency diagnosis and prevention of tick-borne infections.
This research was funded by Italian Ministry of Health RC IZSSI 07/18 and RC IZSSI 08/19.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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