Comparative investigation of interactions of hydrogen, halogen and tetrel bond donors with electron-rich and electron-deficient π-systems
| Autor: | Mahmoud A. A. Ibrahim, Sabry El-Taher, Ossama A. M. Ahmed, Nayra A. M. Moussa, Hussien Moustafa |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
chemistry.chemical_classification
Chemistry General Chemical Engineering Atoms in molecules Binding energy Hexafluorobenzene 02 engineering and technology General Chemistry Hydrogen atom Electron deficiency 010402 general chemistry 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology 01 natural sciences 0104 chemical sciences Crystallography chemistry.chemical_compound Potential energy surface Molecule Non-covalent interactions 0210 nano-technology |
| Zdroj: | RSC Advances. 9:32811-32820 |
| ISSN: | 2046-2069 |
| DOI: | 10.1039/c9ra08007d |
| Popis: | Recently, noncovalent interactions in complexes and crystals have attracted considerable interest. The current study was thus designed to gain a better understanding of three seminal types of noncovalent interactions, namely: hydrogen, halogen and tetrel interactions with π-systems. This study was performed on three models of Lewis acids: X3–C–H, F3–C–X and F–T–F3 (where X = F, Cl, Br and I; and T = C, Si, Ge and Sn) and three π-systems as Lewis bases: benzene (BZN), 1,3,5-trifluorobenzene (TFB) and hexafluorobenzene (HFB). Quantum mechanical calculations, including geometrical optimization, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), maximum positive electrostatic potential (Vs,max), Point-of-Charge (PoC), potential energy surface (PES), quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) and noncovalent interaction (NCI) calculations, were carried out at the MP2/aug cc-pVDZ level of theory. The binding energies were additionally benchmarked at the CCSD(T)/CBS level. The results showed that: (i) the binding energies of the X3–C–H⋯π-system complexes were unexpectedly inversely correlated with the Vs,max values on the hydrogen atom but directly correlated with the X atomic sizes; (ii) the binding energies for the F3–C–X⋯π-system and F–T–F3⋯π-system complexes were correlated with the σ-hole magnitudes of the X and T atoms, respectively; and (iii) for the F3–C–F⋯π-system complexes, the binding energy was as strong as the π-system was electron-deficient, indicating the dominating nucleophilic character of the fluorine atom. NCI analysis showed that the unexpected trend of X3–C–H⋯π-system binding energies could be attributed to additional attractive interactions between the X atoms in the X3–C–H molecule and the carbon atoms of the π-system. Furthermore, the I3–Sn–H molecule was employed as a case study of hydrogen, halogen and tetrel interactions with π-systems. It was found that hydrogen and halogen interactions of the I3–Sn–H molecule correlated with the electron-richness of the π-system. In contrast, tetrel interactions correlated with the electron deficiency of the π-system. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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