Decreased energy availability during training overload is associated with non-functional overreaching and suppressed ovarian function in female runners

Autor:	Christophe Hausswirth, Gretchen A. Casazza, Marta D VanLoan, Karine Schaal
Rok vydání:	2021
Předmět:	Female athlete triad Adult Leptin medicine.medical_specialty Physiology Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism Non functional Workload Running 03 medical and health sciences Young Adult 0302 clinical medicine Ovarian function Low energy Dysmenorrhea Physiology (medical) Internal medicine Decreased energy Medicine Humans Exercise Fatigue Menstrual Cycle Nutrition and Dietetics biology Estradiol business.industry Athletes Ovary 030229 sport sciences General Medicine Overreaching medicine.disease biology.organism_classification Endocrinology Physical Endurance Female business Energy Intake Energy Metabolism
Zdroj:	Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme. 46(10)
ISSN:	1715-5320 0222-4976
Popis:	Low energy availability (EA) suppresses many physiological processes, including ovarian function in female athletes. Low EA could also predispose athletes to develop a state of overreaching. This study compared the changes in ad libitum energy intake (EI), exercise energy expenditure (ExEE), and EA among runners completing a training overload (TO) phase. We tested the hypothesis that runners becoming overreached would show decreased EA, suppressed ovarian function and plasma leptin, compared with well-adapted (WA) runners. After 1 menstrual cycle (baseline), 16 eumenorrheic runners performed 4 weeks of TO followed by a 2-week recovery (131 ± 3% and 63 ± 6% of baseline running volume, respectively). Seven-day ExEE, EI, running performance (RUNperf) and plasma leptin concentration were assessed for each phase. Salivary estradiol concentration was measured daily. Urinary luteinizing hormone concentration tests confirmed ovulation. Nine runners adapted positively to TO (WA, ΔRUNperf: +4 ± 2%); 7 were non-functionally overreached (NFOR; ΔRUNperf: −9 ± 2%) as RUNperfremained suppressed after the recovery period. WA increased EI during TO, maintaining their baseline EA despite a large increase in ExEE (ΔEA = +1.9 ± 1.3 kcal·kg fat free mass (FFM)−1·d−1, P = 0.17). By contrast, NFOR showed no change in EI, leading to decreased EA (ΔEA = −5.6 ± 2.1 kcal·kg FFM−1·d−1, P = 0.04). Plasma leptin concentration mid-cycle and luteal salivary estradiol concentration decreased in NFOR only. Contrasting with WA, NFOR failed to maintain baseline EA during TO, resulting in poor performance outcomes and suppressed ovarian function. ClinicalTrials.gov no. NCT02224976.Novelty: Runners adapting positively to training overload (TO) increased ad libitum energy intake, maintaining baseline EA and ovarian function through TO. By contrast, NFOR runners failed to increase energy intake, showing suppressed EA and ovarian function during TO.
Databáze:	OpenAIRE
Externí odkaz:	https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::3d4cd54c6eafc960d4d32eda1fa0529d https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33651630 Zobrazit plný text záznamu Plný text ve formátu PDF Plný text ve formátu HTML
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