Distribution and quantile functions, ranks and signs in dimension d: a measure transportation approach
| Autor: | Marc Hallin, Juan A. Cuesta-Albertos, Eustasio del Barrio, Carlos Matrán |
|---|---|
| Přispěvatelé: | Universidad de Cantabria |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Statistics and Probability
Ancillarity Multivariate quantiles Cyclical monotonicity Univariate Multivariate distribution function Context (language use) Multivariate normal distribution Glivenko–Cantelli theorem Measure (mathematics) Moment (mathematics) Multivariate signs Distribution-freeness Multivariate ranks Econometrics Basu theorem Statistics Probability and Uncertainty Real line Mathematics Quantile |
| Zdroj: | The Annals of Statistics, 2021, 49 (2), 1139-1165 UCrea Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de Cantabria Universidad de Cantabria (UC) |
| Popis: | Unlike the real line, the real space Rd, for d 2, is not canonically ordered. As a consequence,such fundamental univariate concepts as quantileand distribution functions and their empirical counterparts, involving ranksand signs, do not canonically extend to the multivariate context. Palliating that lack of a canonical ordering has been an open problem for more than half a century, generating an abundant literature and motivating, among others, the development of statistical depth and copula-based methods. We show that, unlike the many definitions proposed in the literature, the measure transportation-based ranks and signs introduced in Chernozhukov, Galichon, Hallin and Henry (Ann. Statist. 45 (2017) 223-256) enjoy all the properties that make univariate ranks a successful tool for semiparametric inference. Related with those ranks, we propose a new center-outward definition of multivariate distribution and quantile functions, along with their empirical counterparts, for which we establish a Glivenko-Cantelli result. Our approach is based on McCann (Duke Math. J. 80 (1995) 309-323) and our results do not require any moment assumptions. The resulting ranks and signs are shown to be strictly distribution-free and essentially maximal ancillary in the sense of Basu (Sankhya 21 (1959) 247-256) which, in semiparametric models involving noise with unspecified density, can be interpreted as a finite-sample form of semiparametric efficiency. Although constituting a sufficient summary of the sample, empirical center-outward distribution functions are defined at observed values only. A continuous extension to the entire d-dimensional space, yielding smooth empirical quantile contours and sign curves while preserving the essential monotonicity and Glivenko- Cantelli features of the concept, is provided. A numerical study of the resulting empirical quantile contours is conducted. This paper results from the merging of Hallin (2017) and del Barrio, Cuesta-Albertos, Hallin and Matrán (2018). Eustasio del Barrio, Juan Cuesta-Albertos and Carlos Matrán are supported in part by FEDER, Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, grant MTM2017-86061-C2; Eustasio del Barrio and Carlos Matrán also acknowledge the support of the Junta de Castilla y León, grants VA005P17 and VA002G18. Marc Hallin thanks Marc Henry for guiding his first steps into the subtleties of measure transportation. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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