Mucosal immune response in BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine recipients

Autor: Lorenzo Azzi, Daniela Dalla Gasperina, Giovanni Veronesi, Mariam Shallak, Giuseppe Ietto, Domenico Iovino, Andreina Baj, Francesco Gianfagna, Vittorio Maurino, Daniele Focosi, Fabrizio Maggi, Marco Mario Ferrario, Francesco Dentali, Giulio Carcano, Angelo Tagliabue, Lorenzo Stefano Maffioli, Roberto Sergio Accolla, Greta Forlani
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2022
Předmět:
Adult
Male
Ab
antibodies
Medicine (General)
RBD
Receptor-Binding Domain
Health Personnel
CLIA
chemiluminescent immunoassay
BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine
COVID-19
IgA
Saliva
SARS-CoV-2
S
Spike glycoprotein
Immunization
Secondary
NAb
neutralizing antibodies
Antibodies
Viral
Article
General Biochemistry
Genetics and Molecular Biology
R5-920
sIgA
secretory IgA
NR
IgA non-responders
GMC
geometric mean concentration
Humans
÷
mathematical symbol for range of values
Immunity
Mucosal
BNT162 Vaccine
INH
inhibition activity
Se
sensitivity
ELISA
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
General Medicine
Middle Aged
HCW
healthcare workers
Antibodies
Neutralizing
CI
Confidence Interval
Immunoglobulin A
SN
seronegative subjects
R
IgA responders
AUC
Area Under the ROC Curve
Immunoglobulin G
NAAT
Nucleic Acid Amplification Test
Sp
specificity
Medicine
SP
seropositive subjects
Female
Zdroj: EBioMedicine, Vol 75, Iss, Pp 103788-(2022)
EBioMedicine
Popis: Summary: Background: Although the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine is known to induce IgG neutralizing antibodies in serum protecting against COVID-19, it has not been studied in detail whether it could generate specific immunity at mucosal sites, which represent the primary route of entry of SARS-CoV-2. Methods: Samples of serum and saliva of 60 BNT162b2-vaccinated healthcare workers were collected at baseline, two weeks after the first dose and two weeks after the second dose. Anti-S1-protein IgG and IgA total antibodies titres and the presence of neutralizing antibodies against the Receptor Binding Domain in both serum and saliva were measured by quantitative and by competitive ELISA, respectively. Findings: Complete vaccination cycle generates a high serum IgG antibody titre as a single dose in previously infected seropositive individuals. Serum IgA concentration reaches a plateau after a single dose in seropositive individuals and two vaccine doses in seronegative subjects. After the second dose IgA level was higher in seronegative than in seropositive subjects. In saliva, IgG level is almost two orders of magnitude lower than in serum, reaching the highest values after the second dose. IgA concentration remains low and increases significantly only in seropositive individuals after the second dose. Neutralizing antibody titres were much higher in serum than in saliva. Interpretation: The mRNA BNT162b2 vaccination elicits a strong systemic immune response by drastically boosting neutralizing antibodies development in serum, but not in saliva, indicating that at least oral mucosal immunity is poorly activated by this vaccination protocol, thus failing in limiting virus acquisition upon its entry through this route. Funding: This work was funded by the Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, and partially supported by Fondazione Umberto Veronesi (COVID-19 Insieme per la ricerca di tutti, 2020).
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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