Estimation of U.S. sewer residence time distributions for national-scale risk assessment of down-the-drain chemicals
| Autor: | Kathleen McDonough, Megan Sebasky, Raghu Vamshi, Katherine E. Kapo, Michael Paschka |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
Environmental Engineering
Geographic information system Time Factors 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences 010501 environmental sciences Wastewater 01 natural sciences Risk Assessment Waste Disposal Fluid Road networks Environmental Chemistry Waste Management and Disposal 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Probabilistic risk assessment Sewage business.industry Environmental engineering Pollution United States Waste Disposal Facilities Biodegradation Environmental Environmental science Sewage treatment Residence business Risk assessment |
| Zdroj: | The Science of the total environment. |
| ISSN: | 1879-1026 |
| Popis: | Sewer residence time (the amount of time a given volume of wastewater resides in a sewer system prior to treatment) can have a significant influence on predictions of environmental fate and transport of wastewater constituents and corresponding risk assessment. In this study, a geographic information systems-based approach for estimating the distribution of sewer residence times for the U.S. was developed using road networks as a spatial proxy for sewer networks. The suitability of the approach was evaluated using case study municipalities, and the approach was subsequently extrapolated to 3422 wastewater treatment facilities of varying size across the U.S. to estimate a national distribution of sewer residence times. The estimated national median residence time for the U.S. was 3.3h. Facilities serving smaller municipalities ( |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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