Disentangling the lipid divide : Identification of key enzymes for the biosynthesis of membrane-spanning and ether lipids in Bacteria
| Autor: | Sahonero-Canavesi, D.X., Siliakus, M.F., Asbun, A.A., Koenen, M., Von Meijenfeldt, F.A.B., Boeren, S., Bale, N.J., Engelman, J.C., Fiege, K., van Schijndel, L.S., Sinninghe Damsté, J.S., Villanueva, L., Organic geochemistry, non-UU output of UU-AW members |
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| Přispěvatelé: | Organic geochemistry, non-UU output of UU-AW members |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2022 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | Science Advances 8 (2022) 50 Science advances, 8(50), 1. American Association for the Advancement of Science Science Advances, 8(50) |
| ISSN: | 2375-2548 |
| Popis: | Abstract Bacterial membranes are composed of fatty acids (FAs) ester-linked to glycerol-3-phosphate, while archaea possess membranes made of isoprenoid chains ether-linked to glycerol-1-phosphate. Many archaeal species organize their membrane as a monolayer of membrane-spanning lipids (MSLs). Exceptions to this ‘lipid divide’ are the production by some bacterial species of (ether-bound) MSLs, formed by tail-tail condensation of fatty acids resulting in the formation of (iso) diabolic acids (DAs), which are the likely precursors of paleoclimatological relevant branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether molecules. However, the enzymes responsible for their production are unknown. Here, we report the discovery of bacterial enzymes responsible for the condensation reaction of fatty acids and for ether bond formation, and confirm that the building blocks of iso-DA are branched iso-FAs. Phylogenomic analyses of the key biosynthetic genes reveal a much wider diversity of potential MSL (ether)-producing bacteria than previously thought, with significant implications for our understanding of the evolution of lipid membranes. # Description of contents of this directory ## 1_Phylogenies.tar.gz Contains all files generated for the phylogenies of the membrane spanning lipid (MSL) synthase and the glycerol ester reductase (Ger, aka ether bond synthase here). Each foldercontains: DIAMOND output (2 files): Confirmed MSL synthase of T. ethanolicus and glycerol ester reductase (Ger) of T. maritima MSB8) were queried with DIAMOND v2.0.6 against the NCBI non-redundant protein sequence database (nr)downloaded on 7 January 2021. Hits with an e-value =< 1e-50 and query coverage of >= 30% were selected cd-hitoutput(2 files): Protein sequences from the previous step were clustered with cd-hit v4.8.1 using a sequence identity threshold of 0.7 Clustal_Omega output(1 file): Alignment of the representative sequences obtained from the previous step trimAloutput (1 file): Alignment of the previous step with the gaps removed withtrimAl v1.4.rev15 in -gappyout mode IQ-TREE output(9 files):Phylogenetic trees were constructed with IQ-TREE v2.1.2 with 1,000 ultrafast bootstraps. Model selectionwas based on nuclear models and the best-fit model was chosen according to BIC (LG+R10 for both genes). Maximum-likelihood trees were visualized in iTOL and are available as PDF in the Supplementary Information of the paper aligned sequences aligned and trimmed sequences output from IQ-TREE PDFs for each individual tree ## 2_Supplementary Files.rar Contains the SVG files for the Data S1 and Data S2, and the generated pdf files for Data S1 and Data S2. ## 3_GC GC MS.rar Contains the Files generated with the lipid analyses, including: • GC Files for the Supplementary Table1 and Figure 1 • GC-irmMS Files for Supplementary Table 2 and Figure 1 • GC Files for the Supplementary Table3 , Figure 1 and Figure S2 • GC-MS Files for samples mentioned along the manuscript and for Figure 2, 3, S7, S8, S10 and S11. A pdf file with a descriptive list of the corresponding GC, GC-MS, GC-irmMS files within the manuscript |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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