Psychogenic amnesia: syndromes, outcome, and patterns of retrograde amnesia
| Autor: | Kimberley Friedner, Eli J Jaldow, Mervi Pitkanen, Kate Humphreys, Federica Corno, Kate Johnston, Neil A. Harrison, Sarah J Casey, Michael D. Kopelman |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
Fugue state
Adult Male medicine.medical_specialty Family Conflict Memory Episodic Amnesia Psychogenic amnesia Neuropsychological Tests 050105 experimental psychology 03 medical and health sciences Young Adult 0302 clinical medicine London medicine Psychogenic disease Craniocerebral Trauma Humans 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences Selective amnesia Psychiatry Aged Memory inhibition Autobiographical memory Depression 05 social sciences Retrograde amnesia Middle Aged medicine.disease Self Concept Amnesia Retrograde Female Neurology (clinical) medicine.symptom Psychology 030217 neurology & neurosurgery Clinical psychology |
| ISSN: | 0006-8950 |
| Popis: | There are very few case series of patients with acute psychogenic memory loss (also known as dissociative/functional amnesia), and still fewer studies of outcome, or comparisons with neurological memory-disordered patients. Consequently, the literature on psychogenic amnesia is somewhat fragmented and offers little prognostic value for individual patients. In the present study, we reviewed the case records and neuropsychological findings in 53 psychogenic amnesia cases (ratio of 3:1, males:females), in comparison with 21 consecutively recruited neurological memory-disordered patients and 14 healthy control subjects. In particular, we examined the pattern of retrograde amnesia on an assessment of autobiographical memory (the Autobiographical Memory Interview). We found that our patients with psychogenic memory loss fell into four distinct groups, which we categorized as: (i) fugue state; (ii) fugue-to-focal retrograde amnesia; (iii) psychogenic focal retrograde amnesia following a minor neurological episode; and (iv) patients with gaps in their memories. While neurological cases were characterized by relevant neurological symptoms, a history of a past head injury was actually more common in our psychogenic cases (P = 0.012), perhaps reflecting a ‘learning episode’ predisposing to later psychological amnesia. As anticipated, loss of the sense of personal identity was confined to the psychogenic group. However, clinical depression, family/relationship problems, financial/employment problems, and failure to recognize the family were also statistically more common in that group. The pattern of autobiographical memory loss differed between the psychogenic groups: fugue cases showed a severe and uniform loss of memories for both facts and events across all time periods, whereas the two focal retrograde amnesia groups showed a ‘reversed’ temporal gradient with relative sparing of recent memories. After 3–6 months, the fugue patients had improved to normal scores for facts and near-normal scores for events. By contrast, the two focal retrograde amnesia groups showed less improvement and continued to show a reversed temporal gradient. In conclusion, the outcome in psychogenic amnesia, particularly those characterized by fugue, is better than generally supposed. Findings are interpreted in terms of Markowitsch’s and Kopelman’s models of psychogenic amnesia, and with respect to Anderson’s neuroimaging findings in memory inhibition. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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