Brain changes due to hypoxia during light anaesthesia can be prevented by deepening anaesthesia; a study in rats
Autor: | Alain Kalmar, Setayesh R. Tasbihgou, Janine Doorduin, Michel Struys, Anthony Absalom, Regien G. Schoemaker, Mina Netkova |
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Přispěvatelé: | Critical care, Anesthesiology, Peri-operative and Emergency medicine (CAPE), Molecular Neuroscience and Ageing Research (MOLAR), Basic and Translational Research and Imaging Methodology Development in Groningen (BRIDGE), Schoemaker lab |
Jazyk: | angličtina |
Rok vydání: | 2018 |
Předmět: |
Male
Pulmonology SURGERY lcsh:Medicine NEUROTROPHIC Piriform Cortex Hippocampal formation Hippocampus Diagnostic Radiology 0302 clinical medicine 030202 anesthesiology Anesthesiology Animal Cells Piriform cortex Medicine and Health Sciences Medicine Anesthesia lcsh:Science Hypoxia Tomography Neurons NEUROPROTECTION Multidisciplinary biology Pharmaceutics Radiology and Imaging Neurogenesis Brain BEHAVIORAL-CHANGES Hypoxia-Ischemia Brain medicine.symptom Cellular Types Anatomy Research Article Doublecortin Protein Imaging Techniques Ischemia Glial Cells Neuroimaging Research and Analysis Methods 03 medical and health sciences GENERAL-ANESTHESIA Drug Therapy Diagnostic Medicine Neuroplasticity Medical Hypoxia Journal Article Animals Rats Wistar AGENTS Microglial Cells Brain-derived neurotrophic factor CEREBRAL-ISCHEMIA business.industry lcsh:R FACTOR Biology and Life Sciences POSTOPERATIVE COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION Cell Biology Hypoxia (medical) Neuronal Dendrites medicine.disease NERVOUS-SYSTEM Doublecortin Rats BDNF Cellular Neuroscience Positron-Emission Tomography biology.protein lcsh:Q business 030217 neurology & neurosurgery Positron Emission Tomography NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR Neuroscience |
Zdroj: | PLoS ONE PLoS ONE, 13(2):e0193062. PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PLOS ONE PLoS ONE, Vol 13, Iss 2, p e0193062 (2018) |
ISSN: | 1932-6203 |
Popis: | In anaesthetic practice the risk of cerebral ischemic/hypoxic damage is thought to be attenuated by deep anaesthesia. The rationale is that deeper anaesthesia reduces cerebral oxygen demand more than light anaesthesia, thereby increasing the tolerance to ischemia or hypoxia. However, evidence to support this is scarce. We thus investigated the influence of light versus deep anaesthesia on the responses of rat brains to a period of hypoxia. In the first experiment we exposed adult male Wistar rats to deep or light propofol anaesthesia and then performed [18F]- Fludeoxyglucose (FDG) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scans to verify the extent of cerebral metabolic suppression. In subsequent experiments, rats were subjected to light/deep propofol anaesthesia and then exposed to a period of hypoxia or ongoing normoxia (n = 9-11 per group). A further 5 rats, not exposed to anaesthesia or hypoxia, served as controls. Four days later a Novel Object Recognition (NOR) test was performed to assess mood and cognition. After another 4 days, the animals were sacrificed for later immunohistochemical analyses of neurogenesis/neuroplasticity (Doublecortin; DCX), Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) expression and neuroinflammation (Ionized calcium-binding adaptor protein-1; Iba-1) in hippocampal and piriform cortex slices. The hippocampi of rats subjected to hypoxia during light anaesthesia showed lower DCX positivity, and therefore lower neurogenesis, but higher BDNF levels and microglia hyper-ramification. Exploration was reduced, but no significant effect on NOR was observed. In the piriform cortex, higher DCX positivity was observed, associated with neuroplasticity. All these effects were attenuated by deep anaesthesia. Deepening anaesthesia attenuated the brain changes associated with hypoxia. Hypoxia during light anaesthesia had a prolonged effect on the brain, but no impairment in cognitive function was observed. Although reduced hippocampal neurogenesis may be considered unfavourable, higher BDNF expression, associated with microglia hyper-ramification may suggest activation of repair mechanisms. Increased neuroplasticity observed in the piriform cortex supports this, and might reflect a prolonged state of alertness rather than damage. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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