Prevalence of malaria, typhoid, toxoplasmosis and rubella among febrile children in Cameroon
| Autor: | Diane Wallace Taylor, Aristid H. E. Mbange, Olivia A. Achonduh-Atijegbe, Rose F. G. Leke, Vivek R. Nerurkar, Kenji O. Mfuh, Jean Paul Chedjou, Wilfred Fon Mbacham |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Pediatrics Fevers Polymerase Chain Reaction 0302 clinical medicine Medical microbiology Typhoid 030212 general & internal medicine Cameroon Child Children Microscopy RDTs Coinfection 3. Good health Diagnosis of malaria Infectious Diseases Child Preschool Female Toxoplasmosis Research Article medicine.medical_specialty Adolescent Fever Point-of-Care Systems 030231 tropical medicine Rubella Sensitivity and Specificity Typhoid fever lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases 03 medical and health sciences Antimalarials parasitic diseases medicine Animals Humans lcsh:RC109-216 Insecticide-Treated Bednets Typhoid Fever business.industry Diagnostic Tests Routine Infant medicine.disease Malaria Parasitology Tropical medicine Immunology Cats Health Facilities business |
| Zdroj: | BMC Infectious Diseases, Vol 16, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2016) BMC Infectious Diseases |
| ISSN: | 1471-2334 |
| DOI: | 10.1186/s12879-016-1996-y |
| Popis: | Background The current roll-out of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) in many endemic countries has resulted in the reporting of fewer cases of malaria-attributed illnesses. However, lack of knowledge of the prevalence of other febrile illnesses and affordable diagnostic tests means that febrile patients are not managed optimally. This study assessed the prevalence of commonly treatable or preventable febrile illnesses in children between 6 months and 15 years using rapid diagnostic tests at the point-of-care. Methods Febrile children were enrolled between February-April 2014 at a health facility after obtaining informed consent from parent. Eligible participants were aged 6 months-15 years with a history of fever in the last 24 h or axillary temperature ≥38 °C at consultation. All participants were tested using RDTs for malaria, typhoid, toxoplasmosis and rubella. Malaria parasites were further identified by microscopy and PCR. Clinical and household characteristics were recorded and association with pathogens determined. Results Of the 315 children enrolled, the mean age was 5.8 ± 3.8 years. Stomach pain (41.2 %) was the most reported symptom. Prior to attending the health facility, 70.8 % had taken antipyretics, 27.9 % antimalarials, 11.4 % antibiotics and 13.3 % antifungal drugs. Among 315 children with fever, based on RDTs, 56.8 % were infected with malaria, 4.4 % with typhoid, 3.2 % with acute toxoplasmosis, and 1.3 % with rubella (all positive for rubella were in the same family and not vaccinated). All non-malarial infections were co-infections and approximately 30 % of the fever cases went un-diagnosed. Malaria prevalence by microscopy and PCR was 43.4 and 70.2 % respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of RDTs for the diagnosis of malaria were 75.98 and 100 % respectively, with 0.73 measurement agreement between RDTs and microscopy while that of RDT and PCR were 81 and 100 % respectively with a K value of 0.72. The use of Insecticide Treated Bednets was 44 %. There was a significant association between ITN non-usage and malaria (p = 0. 029) as well as drinking water and presence of typhoid (p = 0.047). No association was observed between type of housing and malaria, or toxoplasmosis and raising cats. Conclusion Though malaria still remains the major cause of fever in children, using RDTs for other treatable febrile illnesses like typhoid and toxoplasmosis could facilitate the optimal management of febrile illnesses in children especially when these occur as co-infections with malaria Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-016-1996-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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