Working memory and behavioral inhibition in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): an examination of varied central executive demands, construct overlap, and task impurity
| Autor: | Elaine F Arrington, Connor H. G. Patros, Delanie K. Roberts, Stephanie J. Tarle, R. Matt Alderson |
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| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Child Behavior 050105 experimental psychology Task (project management) 03 medical and health sciences Executive Function 0302 clinical medicine Developmental and Educational Psychology medicine Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Humans 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences Behavioral inhibition Child Working memory 05 social sciences Variance (accounting) medicine.disease Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology Memory Short-Term Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity Pediatrics Perinatology and Child Health Female Construct (philosophy) Psychology 030217 neurology & neurosurgery Cognitive psychology |
| Zdroj: | Child neuropsychology : a journal on normal and abnormal development in childhood and adolescence. 25(5) |
| ISSN: | 1744-4136 |
| Popis: | The stop-signal paradigm is the premier metric of behavioral inhibition in contemporary attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) research. The stop-signal paradigm's choice-reaction time component, however, arguably places greater demands on working memory processes (e.g., controlled-focused attention) relative to alternative inhibition metrics (i.e., go/no-go (GNG) tasks), and consequently obscures conclusions about inhibition and working memory deficits in affected children. The current study, therefore, aimed to determine whether shared variance between stop-signal behavioral inhibition and working memory performance in children with ADHD reflects overlap between the working memory and inhibition constructs or insufficient specificity of the stop-signal paradigm. Fifty-five children (8-12 years) with and without ADHD were administered established phonological (PH) and visuospatial (VS) working memory measures, as well as stop-signal and GNG tasks that vary with respect to demands on controlled-focused attention. Although working memory and GNG performance each uniquely predicted children's inattention, stop-signal task performance was not a significant predictor of unique variance in inattention, above and beyond variance associated with working memory. Collectively, these findings suggest that performance on the stop-signal task, compared to the GNG task, is confounded by greater demands associated with working memory and consequently reflects an impure estimate of the inhibition construct. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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