ISG15: It's Complicated
| Autor: | Florine E. M. Scholte, Scott D. Pegan, Eric Bergeron, John V. Dzimianski |
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| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
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Structural diversity Context (language use) Biology DUB EAV equine arteritis virus Viral infection Protein Structure Secondary Article PLP papain-like protease RIG-I 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Structural Biology CCHFV Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus Animals Humans IFN interferon Function (engineering) Molecular Biology Ubiquitins Ub ubiquitin 030304 developmental biology media_common 0303 health sciences DUB deubiquitinating protein Deubiquitinating Enzymes LFA-1 leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 interferon OTU ovarian tumor domain protease ISG15 ISG15 interferon-stimulated gene product 15 SARS-CoV severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus MERS-CoV Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus ISRE IFN response stimulated elements USP18 Evolutionary biology Virus Diseases ISGylation Cytokines Ubiquitin Thiolesterase 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Molecular Biology |
| ISSN: | 1089-8638 |
| Popis: | Interferon-stimulated gene product 15 (ISG15) is a key component of host responses to microbial infection. Despite having been known for four decades, grasping the functions and features of ISG15 has been a slow and elusive process. Substantial work over the past two decades has greatly enhanced this understanding, revealing the complex and variable nature of this protein. This has unveiled multiple mechanisms of action that are only now beginning to be understood. In addition, it has uncovered diversity not only between how ISG15 affects different pathogens but also between the function and structure of ISG15 itself between different host species. Here we review the complexity of ISG15 within the context of viral infection, focusing primarily on its antiviral function and the mechanisms viruses employ to thwart its effects. We highlight what is known regarding the impact of ISG15 sequence and structural diversity on these interactions and discuss the aspects presenting the next frontier toward elucidating a more complete picture of ISG15 function. Graphical abstract Unlabelled Image Highlights • ISG15 is one of the most highly upregulated IFN-stimulated proteins. • ISG15 is involved in numerous pathways with multiple mechanisms of action. • Viruses encode specific countermeasures to combat ISG15 function. • ISG15 possesses interspecies sequence diversity impacting structure, function, and viral interactions. • Key advances have been made; much work remains to grasp the complexity of ISG15. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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