Microglia Reduce Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Lethality of Mice with Decreased T Cell and Interferon Responses in Brains

Autor: Sheng Min Hsu, Li-Chiu Wang, Hsien-Yang Tsai, Yu-Jheng Lin, Meng-Shan Tsai, Shun-Fen Tzeng, Shun Hua Chen, Hua-Lin Wu
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes
Neutrophils
viruses
encephalitis
microglia
Cell Count
Herpesvirus 1
Human
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes
medicine.disease_cause
Cornea
Mice
Interferon
Cytotoxic T cell
Biology (General)
Organic Chemicals
Spectroscopy
Neurons
education.field_of_study
Microglia
General Medicine
interferon
Viral Load
Computer Science Applications
Chemistry
medicine.anatomical_structure
STAT1 Transcription Factor
Female
herpes simplex virus 1
Encephalitis
medicine.drug
Signal Transduction
QH301-705.5
T cell
brain
Population
T cells
Biology
Catalysis
Virus
Article
Inorganic Chemistry
Interferon-gamma
medicine
Animals
Humans
Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
education
Molecular Biology
QD1-999
Macrophages
Organic Chemistry
Herpes Simplex
Interferon-beta
medicine.disease
Virology
Survival Analysis
Mice
Inbred C57BL
PLX5622
Disease Models
Animal
Herpes simplex virus
nervous system
Gene Expression Regulation
Zdroj: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Volume 22
Issue 22
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 12457, p 12457 (2021)
ISSN: 1422-0067
Popis: Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infects the majority of the human population and can induce encephalitis, which is the most common cause of sporadic, fatal encephalitis. An increase of microglia is detected in the brains of encephalitis patients. The issues regarding whether and how microglia protect the host and neurons from HSV-1 infection remain elusive. Using a murine infection model, we showed that HSV-1 infection on corneas increased the number of microglia to outnumber those of infiltrating leukocytes (macrophages, neutrophils, and T cells) and enhanced microglia activation in brains. HSV-1 antigens were detected in brain neurons, which were surrounded by microglia. Microglia depletion increased HSV-1 lethality of mice with elevated brain levels of viral loads, infected neurons, neuron loss, CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, neutrophils, interferon (IFN)-β, and IFN-γ. In vitro studies demonstrated that microglia from infected mice reduced virus infectivity. Moreover, microglia induced IFN-β and the signaling pathway of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 to inhibit viral replication and damage of neurons. Our study reveals how microglia protect the host and neurons from HSV-1 infection.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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