Long-term smoking cessation and heart rate dynamics in an aging healthy cohort: Is it possible to fully recover?
| Autor: | Georgette Stern, Nitin Kumar, Delphine Girard, Nicole Probst-Hensch, Jean-Michel Gaspoz, Thierry Rochat, Edgar Delgado-Eckert, Nino Künzli, Alexander Turk, Christian Schindler, Christoph Häcki, Marco Pons, Denise Felber Dietrich, Martin Adam, Urs Frey, Emmanuel Schaffner |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Aging Time Factors medicine.medical_treatment Population Smoking Prevention Biochemistry Cohort Studies Heart Rate Heart rate medicine Smoking Cessation/statistics & numerical data Heart rate variability Humans education Smoking/adverse effects/epidemiology/prevention & control Life Style General Environmental Science ddc:613 education.field_of_study business.industry Smoking Confounding Recovery of Function Middle Aged Former Smoker Aging/physiology Cohort Electrocardiography Ambulatory Linear Models Smoking cessation Smoking Cessation Female business Heart Rate/physiology Switzerland Demography Cohort study |
| Zdroj: | Environmental Research, Vol. 143, No Pt A (2015) pp. 39-48 |
| ISSN: | 0013-9351 |
| Popis: | Aim To evaluate the long-term influence of smoking cessation on the regulation of the autonomic cardiovascular system in an aging general population, using the subpopulation of lifelong non-smokers as control group. Methods We analyzed 1481 participants aged ≥50 years from the SAPALDIA cohort. In each participant, heart rate variability and heart rate dynamics were characterized by means of various quantitative analyzes of the inter-beat interval time series generated from 24-hour electrocardiogram recordings. Each parameter obtained was then used as the outcome variable in multivariable linear regression models in order to evaluate the association with smoking status and time elapsed since smoking cessation. The models were adjusted for known confounding factors and stratified by the time elapsed since smoking cessation. Results Our findings indicate that smoking triggers adverse changes in the regulation of the cardiovascular system, even at low levels of exposure since current light smokers exhibited significant changes as compared to lifelong non-smokers. Moreover, there was evidence for a dose–response effect. Indeed, the changes observed in current heavy smokers were more marked as compared to current light smokers. Furthermore, full recovery was achieved in former smokers (i.e., normalization to the level of lifelong non-smokers). However, while light smokers fully recovered within the 15 first years of cessation, heavy former smokers might need up to 15–25 years to fully recover. Conclusion This study supports the substantial benefits of smoking cessation, but also warns of important long-term alterations caused by heavy smoking. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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