Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato Strains from New York Exhibit Virulence Attributes Intermediate Between Typical Race 0 and Race 1 Strains
Autor: | Carolina Mazo-Molina, Christine M. Kraus, Gregory B. Martin, Christine D. Smart |
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Rok vydání: | 2019 |
Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
0301 basic medicine Population New York Introgression Virulence Pseudomonas syringae Plant Science Biology 01 natural sciences 03 medical and health sciences Bacterial Proteins Solanum lycopersicum Botany education Gene Pathogen Plant Diseases Plant Proteins Genetics education.field_of_study Host (biology) Effector fungi food and beverages 030104 developmental biology Host-Pathogen Interactions Agronomy and Crop Science 010606 plant biology & botany |
Zdroj: | Plant disease. 101(8) |
ISSN: | 0191-2917 |
Popis: | Bacterial speck disease, caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, is a persistent problem for fresh-market tomato growers in New York. Race 0 strains of this pathogen express either or both of the type III effectors AvrPto or AvrPtoB, which are recognized by tomato varieties expressing the Pto resistance gene. Pto encodes a protein kinase that activates the host immune system, thereby inhibiting bacterial multiplication and preventing disease development. Race 1 P. syringae pv. tomato strains do not express these effectors and are virulent on tomato whether or not the variety expresses Pto. Very few fresh-market tomato varieties have the Pto gene. We collected six P. syringae pv. tomato strains from naturally infected tomato plants across New York in 2015 and characterized them for their virulence and for the presence of specific effectors. In experiments conducted in the greenhouse, all strains reached population sizes in Pto-expressing tomato leaves that were intermediate between typical race 0 and race 1 strains. This phenotype has not been observed previously and suggests that the strains are recognized by Pto but such recognition is compromised by another P. syringae pv. tomato factor. The strains were found to encode avrPto, which is transcribed and translated. They also express avrPtoB although, as reported for other P. syringae pv. tomato strains, protein expression for this effector was not detectable. Deletion of avrPto from a representative New York strain allowed it to reach high populations in Pto-expressing tomato varieties, without compromising its virulence on susceptible tomato plants. Collectively, our data suggest that introgression of the Pto gene into fresh-market tomato varieties could enhance protection against extant P. syringae pv. tomato strains. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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