Obesity and COVID-19: immune and metabolic derangement as a possible link to adverse clinical outcomes

Autor: Emmanouil Korakas, Alexander Kokkinos, Foteini Kousathana, Athanasios Raptis, Aikaterini Kountouri, Lina Palaiodimou, Ignatios Ikonomidis, Vaia Lambadiari, Konstantinos Balampanis
Rok vydání: 2020
Předmět:
0301 basic medicine
obesity
Physiology
Endocrinology
Diabetes and Metabolism
Adaptive Immunity
medicine.disease_cause
Pyrin domain
Pathogenesis
0302 clinical medicine
Risk Factors
030212 general & internal medicine
Heart
Inflammasome
Acquired immune system
arterial stiffness
medicine.symptom
Coronavirus Infections
Cytokine Release Syndrome
Perspectives
medicine.drug
medicine.medical_specialty
Pneumonia
Viral
Inflammation
Betacoronavirus
03 medical and health sciences
Vascular Stiffness
Immune system
Physiology (medical)
Internal medicine
NLR Family
Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein
medicine
Humans
Endothelium
Pandemics
SARS-CoV-2
business.industry
COVID-19
Thrombosis
Immune dysregulation
medicine.disease
cytokines
Immunity
Innate
immune system
Oxidative Stress
030104 developmental biology
Endocrinology
Immunology
business
Cytokine storm
Zdroj: American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism
ISSN: 1522-1555
0193-1849
Popis: Recent reports have shown a strong association between obesity and the severity of COVID-19 infection, even in the absence of other comorbidities. After infecting the host cells, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may cause a hyperinflammatory reaction through the excessive release of cytokines, a condition known as “cytokine storm,” while inducing lymphopenia and a disrupted immune response. Obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and immune dysregulation, but the exact mechanisms through which it exacerbates COVID-19 infection are not fully clarified. The production of increased amounts of cytokines such as TNFα, IL-1, IL-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1) lead to oxidative stress and defective function of innate and adaptive immunity, whereas the activation of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome seems to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of the infection. Endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness could favor the recently discovered infection of the endothelium by SARS-CoV-2, whereas alterations in cardiac structure and function and the prothrombotic microenvironment in obesity could provide a link for the increased cardiovascular events in these patients. The successful use of anti-inflammatory agents such as IL-1 and IL-6 blockers in similar hyperinflammatory settings, like that of rheumatoid arthritis, has triggered the discussion of whether such agents could be administrated in selected patients with COVID-19 disease.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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