Exercise Capacity and All-Cause Mortality in Prehypertensive Men
| Autor: | John Peter Kokkinos, Michael Doumas, Athanasios J. Manolis, Jonathan Myers, Charles Faselis, Andreas Pittaras, Ross D. Fletcher, Peter Kokkinos, Steven N. Singh |
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| Rok vydání: | 2009 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male Gerontology Physical fitness Physical exercise Prehypertension Metabolic equivalent Cohort Studies Internal Medicine Humans Medicine Mortality Exercise Veterans Affairs Antihypertensive Agents Aged Retrospective Studies Exercise Tolerance business.industry Middle Aged Blood pressure Quartile Physical Fitness Hypertension Cohort Exercise Test business Demography |
| Zdroj: | American Journal of Hypertension. 22:735-741 |
| ISSN: | 1941-7225 0895-7061 |
| DOI: | 10.1038/ajh.2009.74 |
| Popis: | BACKGROUND Prehypertension is associated with increased riskfor mortality, a fact that generated a debate regarding the use of antihypertensive therapy in prehypertensives. Increased exercise capacity is associated with lower mortality risk, but little is known about its effects in prehypertensives.Thus, we evaluated the association between exercise capacity and all-cause mortality in prehypertensives. METHODS A graded exercise test was performed in 4,478 prehypertensive men at the Veterans Affairs Medical Centers in Washington, DC and Palo Alto, CA. Four fitness categories (quartiles) were defined based on peak metabolic equivalents (METs) achieved. All-cause mortality was assessed for both younger (≤60 years) and older individuals.The mean follow-up period was 9.0 ± 6.0 years. RESULTS Exercise capacity was a strong predictor of all-cause mortality, independent of traditional riskfactors.The adjusted riskfor all-cause mortality was reduced by 15% for every 1-METincrease in exercise capacity in the entire cohort, 18% for younger and 12% for older individuals. Compared to the Very-Low-Fit individuals (≤6 METs) the adjusted mortality risk was 40% lower in Low-Fit (6.1-8.0 METs); 58% lower in Moderate-Fit (8.1―10 METs), and 73% lower in High-Fit individuals (>10 METs).The trends were similar but more pronounced among younger than older individuals. CONCLUSIONS A strong, inverse and graded association between exercise capacity and all-cause mortality was observed in prehypertensive individuals. The protective effects of increased fitness were more pronounced in youngerthan older individuals, suggesting that age should be more closelyconsidered when assessing fitness and mortality relationships. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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