Effects of Oral Liposomal Glutathione in Altering the Immune Responses Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the Mycobacterium bovis BCG Strain in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes

Autor: Vishwanath Venketaraman, Aram Yegiazaryan, Christal Pham, Timothy Nguyen, Charles Vaughn, Kayvan Sasaninia, Ruoqiong Cao, Edith Avitia, Mohkam Singh, Albert Medina, Kimberly To, Edward Truong, James Owens, Jose Villegas, Airani Sathananthan
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
0301 basic medicine
Microbiology (medical)
Tuberculosis
mycobacteria
Immunology
Population
cytokine - immunological terms
medicine.disease_cause
Microbiology
Peripheral blood mononuclear cell
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
03 medical and health sciences
chemistry.chemical_compound
Cellular and Infection Microbiology
0302 clinical medicine
Immune system
medicine
Humans
oxidative stress
education
Original Research
Mycobacterium bovis
education.field_of_study
host directed therapy
biology
business.industry
Immunity
Glutathione
biology.organism_classification
medicine.disease
immune responses
QR1-502
030104 developmental biology
Infectious Diseases
Diabetes Mellitus
Type 2
chemistry
BCG Vaccine
Leukocytes
Mononuclear
Cytokines
type 2 diabetes
business
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Oxidative stress
Zdroj: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Vol 11 (2021)
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
ISSN: 2235-2988
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.657775
Popis: The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified type 2 diabetes (T2DM) as a neglected, important, and re-emerging risk factor for tuberculosis (TB), especially in low and middle-income countries where TB is endemic. In this clinical trial study, oral liposomal glutathione supplementation (L-GSH) or placebo was given to individuals with T2DM to investigate the therapeutic effects of L-GSH supplementation. We report that L-GSH supplementation for 3 months in people with T2DM was able to reduce the levels of oxidative stress in all blood components and prevent depletion of glutathione (GSH) in this population known to be GSH deficient. Additionally, L-GSH supplementation significantly reduced the burden of intracellular mycobacteria within in vitro granulomas generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of T2DM subjects. L-GSH supplementation also increased the levels of Th1-associated cytokines, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 and decreased levels of IL-6 and IL-10. In conclusion our studies indicate that oral L-GSH supplementation in individuals with T2DM for three months was able to maintain the levels of GSH, reduce oxidative stress, and diminish mycobacterial burden within in vitro generated granulomas of diabetics. L-GSH supplementation for 3 months in diabetics was also able to modulate the levels of various cytokines.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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