Relationships Between Sinus Rhythm, Treatment, and Survival in the Atrial Fibrillation Follow-Up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) Study
| Autor: | Nancy L. Geller, Andrew E. Epstein, Richard C. Klein, Michael J. Domanski, Richard Josephson, Andrew D. Krahn, L. Brent Mitchell, Lynn Shemanski, John P. DiMarco, Eleanor Schron, Yves Rosenberg, Joy Dalquist Nelson, H. Leon Greene, Affirm Investigators, D. George Wyse, Mary Mickel, Albert L. Waldo, Joyce C Kellen, Scott D. Corley |
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| Rok vydání: | 2004 |
| Předmět: |
Risk
Digoxin medicine.medical_specialty Adrenergic beta-Antagonists Electric Countershock Amiodarone Comorbidity Lower risk Coronary artery disease Heart Rate Physiology (medical) Internal medicine Atrial Fibrillation Phenethylamines medicine Humans Sinus rhythm Treatment Failure Stroke Survival analysis Proportional Hazards Models Retrospective Studies Sulfonamides Proportional hazards model business.industry Models Cardiovascular Anticoagulants Atrial fibrillation Calcium Channel Blockers medicine.disease Combined Modality Therapy Myocardial Contraction Survival Analysis Treatment Outcome Heart failure Cardiology Warfarin Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine business Anti-Arrhythmia Agents Follow-Up Studies |
| Zdroj: | Circulation. 109:1509-1513 |
| ISSN: | 1524-4539 0009-7322 |
| DOI: | 10.1161/01.cir.0000121736.16643.11 |
| Popis: | Background— The AFFIRM Study showed that treatment of patients with atrial fibrillation and a high risk for stroke or death with a rhythm-control strategy offered no survival advantage over a rate-control strategy in an intention-to-treat analysis. This article reports an “on-treatment” analysis of the relationship of survival to cardiac rhythm and treatment as they changed over time. Methods and Results— Modeling techniques were used to determine the relationships among survival, baseline clinical variables, and time-dependent variables. The following baseline variables were significantly associated with an increased risk of death: increasing age, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, diabetes, stroke or transient ischemic attack, smoking, left ventricular dysfunction, and mitral regurgitation. Among the time-dependent variables, the presence of sinus rhythm (SR) was associated with a lower risk of death, as was warfarin use. Antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs) were associated with increased mortality only after adjustment for the presence of SR. Consistent with the original intention-to-treat analysis, AADs were no longer associated with mortality when SR was removed from the model. Conclusions— Warfarin use improves survival. SR is either an important determinant of survival or a marker for other factors associated with survival that were not recorded, determined, or included in the survival model. Currently available AADs are not associated with improved survival, which suggests that any beneficial antiarrhythmic effects of AADs are offset by their adverse effects. If an effective method for maintaining SR with fewer adverse effects were available, it might be beneficial. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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