The Reflective Mind: Examining Individual Differences in Susceptibility to Base Rate Neglect with fMRI

Autor:	Wim De Neys, Oshin Vartanian, Ingrid Smith, Quan Lam, Sarah Forbes, Kristen Blackler, Erin L. Beatty
Rok vydání:	2018
Předmět:	Adult Male intuitive thinking Cognitive Neuroscience Base rate fallacy Individuality Cognitive Reflection Test Brain mapping Gyrus Cinguli 050105 experimental psychology base rate Perceptual Disorders Thinking 03 medical and health sciences Young Adult 0302 clinical medicine Cognition Image Processing Computer-Assisted Reaction Time Humans 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences posterior cingulate cortex Brain Mapping 05 social sciences Intuitive thinking Middle Aged Magnetic Resonance Imaging Oxygen anterior cingulate cortex Female Psychology Heuristics 030217 neurology & neurosurgery Photic Stimulation Cognitive psychology
Zdroj:	Vartanian, O, Beatty, E, Smith, I, Blackler, K, Lam, Q, Forbes, S & De Neys, W 2018, ' The reflective mind : Examining individual differences in susceptibility to base rate neglect with fMRI ', Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (Online), vol. 30, no. 7, pp. 1011-1022 . https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01264
ISSN:	1530-8898
DOI:	10.1162/jocn_a_01264
Popis:	Performance on heuristics and bias tasks has been shown to be susceptible to bias. In turn, susceptibility to bias varies as a function of individual differences in cognitive abilities (e.g., intelligence) and thinking styles (e.g., propensity for reflection). Using a classic task (i.e., lawyer–engineer problem), we conducted two experiments to examine the differential contributions of cognitive abilities versus thinking styles to performance. The results of Experiment 1 demonstrated that the Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT)—a well-established measure of reflective thinking—predicted performance on conflict problems (where base rates and intuition point in opposite directions), whereas STM predicted performance on nonconflict problems. Experiment 2 conducted in the fMRI scanner replicated this behavioral dissociation and enabled us to probe their neural correlates. As predicted, conflict problems were associated with greater activation in the ACC—a key region for conflict detection—even in cases when participants responded stereotypically. In participants with higher CRT scores, conflict problems were associated with greater activation in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), and activation in PCC covaried in relation to CRT scores during conflict problems. Also, CRT scores predicted activation in PCC in conflict problems (over and above nonconflict problems). Our results suggest that individual differences in reflective thinking as measured by CRT are related to brain activation in PCC—a region involved in regulating attention between external and internal foci. We discuss the implications of our findings in terms of PCC's possible involvement in switching from intuitive to analytic mode of thought.
Databáze:	OpenAIRE
Externí odkaz:	https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::3a8e0a9f3a9057c83a66f112ebaa761b https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29668391 Zobrazit plný text záznamu Plný text ve formátu PDF Plný text ve formátu HTML
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