Risk Factors for Infection and Colonization with Community‐Associated Methicillin‐ResistantStaphylococcus aureusin the Los Angeles County Jail: A Case‐Control Study

Autor: Loren G. Miller, Mark Malek, Martha J. Lewis, Elaine Santana, Jennifer Tan, Elizabeth Bancroft, Cynthia L. Maree, Samantha J. Eells, Nina T. Harawa
Rok vydání: 2010
Předmět:
Adult
Male
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Microbiology (medical)
medicine.medical_specialty
Adolescent
media_common.quotation_subject
Population
medicine.disease_cause
Disease Outbreaks
Men who have sex with men
Young Adult
Risk Factors
Hygiene
Surveys and Questionnaires
Environmental health
medicine
Humans
Risk factor
education
Articles and Commentaries
media_common
Behavior
education.field_of_study
Transmission (medicine)
business.industry
Prisoners
Incidence (epidemiology)
Public health
social sciences
biochemical phenomena
metabolism
and nutrition
Middle Aged
Staphylococcal Infections
bacterial infections and mycoses
Los Angeles
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Community-Acquired Infections
Infectious Diseases
Case-Control Studies
Prisons
Carrier State
Immunology
business
Zdroj: Clinical Infectious Diseases. 51:1248-1257
ISSN: 1537-6591
1058-4838
Popis: Community-associated (CA) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection affects tens of thousands of Americans annually [1–4]. CA-MRSA is notable for its propensity to cause skin and soft-tissue infection and occasionally more-severe syndromes, such as necrotizing fasciitis and necrotizing pneumonia [5, 6]. The most commonly reported strain of CA-MRSA in the United States, the USA300 strain, has caused numerous outbreaks of infection in well-defined populations, such as infants in newborn nurseries, athletic teams, men who have sex with men, and residents of jails and prisons [1, 7, 8]. Many correctional facilities have high rates of CA-MRSA infection. The incidence of MRSA infection was 12 cases/1000 person-years in a study in the Texas correctional system [9]. The prevalence of MRSA nasal colonization in correctional facilities has ranged from none to 4.9% [10–12]. Correctional facilities are faced with unique challenges related to the control of CA-MRSA. These facilities are frequently characterized by crowded living conditions, suboptimal inmate hygiene, difficulty in providing clean uniforms and undergarments, and aging and deteriorating housing structures [13, 14]. In addition, the inmate population contains a disproportionate number of people who are homeless, have substantial health conditions (eg, human immunodeficiency virus infection, hepatitis B virus infection, or hepatitis C virus infection), have mental health comorbidities, and/or have a history of illicit drug use [15, 16]. Many incarcerated individuals move in and out of correctional facilities, potentially facilitating the transmission of CA-MRSA between the facilities and outside communities, as seen with other infectious diseases [17, 18]. With an estimated 2.3 million incarcerated persons in the United States, with 700,000 admissions and 700,000 releases annually [19, 20], the potential for MRSA spread to and from jails and prisons remains high. Since the initial reports of CA-MRSA infection in 2002 [21], the Los Angeles (LA) County Sheriff's Department (California), in cooperation with the LA County Department of Public Health, has made efforts to control CA-MRSA in the LA County jails. These efforts include increasing surveillance, standardizing treatment protocols, increasing access to showers and soap, increasing education about MRSA, increasing the distribution of clean laundry, and enhancing environmental cleaning. Despite these efforts, CA-MRSA infections continue to occur. In 2005, the incidence of MRSA infection among male inmates was 13.8 cases/1000 admissions to the LA County jail facilities [22]. To better understand what contributed to spread and the potential effect of interventions, we conducted a case-control study to identify the risk factors for CA-MRSA colonization and infection at the LA County jail facilities.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
Externí odkaz: