Toward More Useful In Vitro Toxicity Data with Measured Free Concentrations
Autor: | Richard H. M. M. Schreurs, Bart van der Burg, Frans J. M. Busser, Joop L. M. Hermens, Paul T. Van Der Saag, Minne B. Heringa |
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Rok vydání: | 2004 |
Předmět: |
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
Cell Survival Solid-phase microextraction Models Biological Risk Assessment Phenols In vivo Toxicity Tests Animals Environmental Chemistry EC50 Alternative methods Toxicity data Chromatography Dose-Response Relationship Drug Estradiol Chemistry In vitro toxicology Proteins General Chemistry In vitro Toxicity Cattle Environmental Pollutants Environmental Monitoring Forecasting |
Zdroj: | Environmental Science & Technology. 38:6263-6270 |
ISSN: | 1520-5851 0013-936X |
DOI: | 10.1021/es049285w |
Popis: | In vitro assays and computer models are promising alternatives for in vivo animal testing, but the power of these alternative methods to predict in vivo risk is still very limited. One step forward is to make the outcome of in vitro assays (such as median effect concentrations (EC50 values)) independent of assay conditions such as protein content. Here we show that measured free concentrations of chemicals in the in vitro assay medium result in system-independent EC50 values. We introduce a very simple method to measure free concentrations in miniature test systems using negligible depletion solid-phase microextraction. The generated data are much more suitable for extrapolation to in vivo, provide unbiased input for computational methods (for example, quantitative structure-activity relationships), and can shed an entirely different light on the activity of environmental contaminants. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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