Matching electron transport layers with a non-halogenated and low synthetic complexity polymer:fullerene blend for efficient outdoor and indoor organic photovoltaics

Autor: Xabier Rodríguez-Martínez, Sergi Riera-Galindo, Jiayan Cong, Thomas Österberg, Mariano Campoy-Quiles, Olle Inganäs
Přispěvatelé: Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), European Research Council
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2022
Předmět:
Zdroj: Journal of Materials Chemistry A
Digital.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname
Popis: The desired attributes of organic photovoltaics (OPV) as a low cost and sustainable energy harvesting technology demand the use of non-halogenated solvent processing for the photoactive layer (PAL) materials, preferably of low synthetic complexity (SC) and without compromising the power conversion efficiency (PCE). Despite their record PCEs, most donor–acceptor conjugated copolymers in combination with non-fullerene acceptors are still far from upscaling due to their high cost and SC. Here we present a non-halogenated and low SC ink formulation for the PAL of organic solar cells, comprising PTQ10 and PC61BM as donor and acceptor materials, respectively, showing a record PCE of 7.5% in blade coated devices under 1 sun, and 19.9% under indoor LED conditions. We further study the compatibility of the PAL with 5 different electron transport layers (ETLs) in inverted architecture. We identify that commercial ZnO-based formulations together with a methanol-based polyethyleneimine-Zn (PEI-Zn) chelated ETL ink are the most suitable interlayers for outdoor conditions, providing fill factors as high as 74% and excellent thickness tolerance (up to 150 nm for the ETL, and >200 nm for the PAL). In indoor environments, SnO2 shows superior performance as it does not require UV photoactivation. Semi-transparent devices manufactured entirely in air via lamination show indoor PCEs exceeding 10% while retaining more than 80% of the initial performance after 400 and 350 hours of thermal and light stress, respectively. As a result, PTQ10:PC61BM combined with either PEI-Zn or SnO2 is currently positioned as a promising system for industrialisation of low cost, multipurpose OPV modules.
The authors are thankful to Prof. Hans Arwin (Linköping University) for his valuable help in ellipsometry measurements and their corresponding optical modelling. The authors acknowledge Dr Luis Ever Aguirre (Epishine AB) for the acquisition of the indoor LED spectrum employed with laminated devices and Prof. Fengling Zhang (Linköping University) for lending the QE-Pro spectrometer. X. R.-M., S. R.-G., J. C. and O. I. acknowledge the Knut and Alice Wallenberg foundation for funding. The authors thank Dr Bernhard Dörling for building the electronic controller to make the speed profiles with the blade coater, and M. Gibert-Roca for designing and building the multiplexor for the sequential and rapid measurement of the 24 pixels in each sample. M. C. Q. greatly acknowledges funding by the Ministry of Science and Innovation through grants (CEX2019-000917-S) and PGC2018-095411-B-I00, and by the European Research Council through grant agreement no. 648901.
With funding from the Spanish government through the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000917-S).
Databáze: OpenAIRE
Externí odkaz: